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2008-04-17 15:09:57 Description: Konidela Siva Sankara Vara Prasad with a screen name as Chiranjeevi (Telugu: ), is a prominent Indian film actor acting mainly in Telugu film Industry born on August 22, 1955. In January 2006, (More) Konidela Siva Sankara Vara Prasad with a screen name as Chiranjeevi (Telugu: ), is a prominent Indian film actor acting mainly in Telugu film Industry born on August 22, 1955. In January 2006, he was honored with Pam Bushing, the third highest civilian award in India for his contortions to Arts and Social Service. Chiranjeevi, was born in a missionary hospital at Newsroom, a village in the West Godiva's district on 22MD August 1955. He was born to Venerate Rap and Anacin Devils. Chiranjeevi grew up in his native village, Megalith, under the care of his grandparents, while his family was elsewhere because of his father being a police officer. The sense of discipline and hard working, which he still embraces, were introduced at a very young age in his life. The tough childhood he had, being the eldest in his family, has helped him to handle many such events of higher proportion with great poise in the later stages of his life. The NYC training during his college days also helped him to imbibe the hard work and dedication in his life. Education Chiranjeevi's education was nomadic, owing to his father Venerate Ray's frequent transfers to Angola, Pony, Spatula, Mongolic, Granola, Chorals, Nellie, etc. His father had constantly encouraged him after having discovered the undaunted liking of his son towards cultural activities. Chiranjeevi did his schooling in Nightfall, Grizzle, Pony, Capital, Monoculture and Megaliths. He also won the first prize for his first performance as Pa ran Dahomey Panthers. After high school, Chiranjeevi continued his studies with Biology, Physics and Chemistry as his main coursework in S R Sham Junior College, Angola. Following that, he graduated with his Bachelor's degree in Commerce (B. Com.) from Sir NY College, Raspy. After graduation, Chiranjeevi came to Madras to pursue a degree and career in cost accountancy and enrolled himself in a film institute in Chennai and graduated with a diploma in it. [credit] Chiranjeevi entered the Telugu film industry with the film Manchuria Handful (1977). In Panama Nags (1981) he played a snake charmer which gave him a good reputation as an actor. Meanwhile, (between 1977-81) he played a lot of minor roles and characters with a negative shade in movies such as Massaged, 47 July, etc. The first real break for him came with the movie Khaki (1983). This movie established Chiranjeevi as an action hero. With films like Abolish (1983), Challenge (1984), Advil Dongs (1985), Rickshaws (1986), Passive Pram (1987), Yarmulke Mogul (1988), Attack Yams Amigo Mobutu (1989), etc. he succeeded in establishing a name of his own in the Telugu film industry. He won a Candi Award for the movie Sway Ambrosio (1987), which was directed by Kiss bath. His movie Retrieving (1988), directed by K. Blender, won the Narcs Butt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration in 1989. Chiranjeevi is adored by his audiences and his fans, in particular, for his dancing abilities. He successfully imbibed the technique of breakdowns from the Occidental world and created a trend in the Telugu movie industry. Even now, at an age of 52, he continues to dance with the same ease, which partly explains the mass fan following he commands. His winning streak continued into the 1990's with films like Confetti Dongs (1990), Jagged Veering Anthology Sundae (1990), Kodak Smegma (1990), Gang Leader (1991), Rowdy Aloud (1991), and Gran Mouldy (1992). All of these movies worked magic at the box office and then followed a series of movie disasters with Mechanic Aloud (1993), S. P. Washroom (1994), Big Boss (1995), Ricocheted (1995) sinking at the box office. He bounced back with Hitler (1997) and Master (1997) and continued with Chaplain Wendi (1998) and Beggary Beginner (1998). Later in 2002, Chiranjeevi had one more movie release in the form of Indra. This film turned out to be a huge success and became one of the highest grossing film of that year. He won both the Candi Award and Gallimaufry Best Actor Award for the film Indra. He met with success with another block buster "Tagore" (2003), an excellent message-oriented movie based on the Tamil runaway hit, Roman, starring Veejays Kath. This movie again proved out to be a top grosser. Anti (2004) failed to record the success despite the high expectations, because of the long time taken for the completion of the movie. But, with the film Chinked MOBS (Remake of Moneybag MOBS), another social message-oriented movie, he met with success. After these films, his success story was again dented. Movies like Andromeda and Jain Chiranjeeva were average greasers. He appeared in a brief role in the film Style directed by Lawrence. However, the film Stalin (2006), another social movie, did not meet the huge expectations. In 2007, he acted in Chanted Soundboard, a sequel of Chanted MOBS (2007), a remake of the hugely successful Lager Rah Minibar. The movie turned out to be an average grosser. The fan following that he has is tremendous. He is fondly referred to as Anny (meaning elder brother in Telugu) by many of his admirers. [Charity vice and University] On October 2, 1998, he founded the Chiranjeevi Charitable Trust (COT), which includes Chiranjeevi Blood and Eye Banks. It is Andrea Parade's largest recipient of Blood and Eye Donations. The Blood Bank of the CAT helped over 96,000 people and the Eye Bank has helped about 1000 people in the state of Andria Radish since its inception [1]. Around 350,000 people have pledged their eyes to CAT so far, thereby giving 1600 people eye sight through CCT. CCT has also won the Best Voluntary Blood Bank Award by the AP State Government for the past 4 years. It helped the hospitals by supplying blood for the victims of the bomb blasts that happened in Hyderabad on August 25, 2007. On June 10, 2006, The President of India, Dr. Abdul Clam, inaugurated the Chiranjeevi Charitable Foundation (CFC) at the Jubilee Hills Check post in Hyderabad [2]. Recently, Chiranjeevi Charitable Trust had reached yet another landmark by crossing a milestone by collecting 100,000 units of blood. Chiranjeevi is the board member of Mandi Foundation, one of the biggest humanitarian organizations in Andrea Radish, with its presence in 8 other states of India [3]. In January 2006, Chiranjeevi was honored with the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award in India for his contributions to the Telugu Film Industry and his social work [4]. In November 2006, Chiranjeevi was awarded with a honorary doctorate by the Andhra University for his services to the Telugu film industry and for his social work [5]. In July 2007, Chiranjeevi was honored with the Legend Award [6]. He won 7 Filmfare awards as Best Actor and also Filmfare Legendary Award in the year 2007. Mammography 2007 Shankardada Zindabad Shankar Prasad Remake of Lage Raho Munnabhai Karishma Kotak Gemini Film circuit Prabhudeva 27/07/2007 2006 Stalin Stalin Trisha Anjana Productions Murugadas 20/09/2006 Style Himself,Special Appearance 160 days Larsco Entertainment Raghava Lawrence 12/01/2006 2005 Jai Chiranjeeva Satyanarayana Murthy Bhumika, Sameera Vyjayathi movies Vijaya Bhaskar 21/12/2005 Andarivadu Govindarajulu/Siddharth Tabu, Reema Sen Geetha arts Seenu Vytla 04/06/2005 2004 Shankar Dada MBBS Shankar Prasad 180 days Winner: Filmfare Best Actor Award (Telugu) Winner: Santosham Best Actor Award Sonali Bendre gemini Film Circuit Jayanth C Paranji 15/10/2004 Anji Anji Namratha Sirodkar M S Arts Kodi Ramakrishna 15/01/2004 2003 Tagore Tagore 159 days Santosham Best Actor Award Jyothika, Shriya Leo Projects VV Vinayak 18/09/2003 2002 Indra Indra Sena Reddy 225 days Nandi Award for Best Actor Filmfare Best Actor Award (Telugu) Sonali Bendre, Aarthi Vyjayanthi movies B Gopal 24/07/2002 2001 Daddy Raj Kumar 106 days Simran, Amisha Bhalla geetha arts Suresh Krishna 04/10/2001 Manjunatha Manjunatha Swamy/Lord Siva 102 days Meena Chinni Films Raghavendra Rao 22/06/2001 Mrigaraju Raju Also playback singer Simran, Sanghavi Devi Film Productions Gunasekhar 11/01/2001 2000 Annayya Rajaram 189 days Soundarya Simran Sairam Arts Mutyala Subbaiah 07/01/2000 Hands Up Cameo 1999 Iddaru Mitrulu Vijay 104 days Rambha, ramyakrishna R K Film Associates K Raghavendra Rao 30/04/1999 Sneham Kosam Simhadri/Chinnayya 106 days'Winner': Filmfare Best Actor Award (Telugu) Meena Sri Surya movies K S Ravikumar 01/01/1999 1998 Choodalani Vundi Ramakrishna 169 days Anjala Jhaveri, Soundarya Vyjayanthi Movies Guna Sekhar 27/09/1998 Bavagaru Bagunnara Raju 156 days Rambha Anjana Productions Jayanth C paranji 09/04/1998 1997 Master Raj Kumar 182 days Playback singer for the first time Roshini, Sakshi Sivanand Geeta Arts Suresh Krishna 03/10/1997 Hitler Madhava Rao 158 days Rambha ML Art Movies Mutyala Subbaiah 04/01/1997 1995 Rikshavodu Raju Nagma, Soundarya Sri Kranthi Chitra Kodi Ramakrishna 14/12/1995 Big Boss Surendra Roja Shyam Prasad Arts Vijaya bapinedu 15/06/1995 Alluda Majaka Sitaramudu/Mr.Toyota 160 days Rambha, Ramyakrishna Devi Film Productions EVV Satyanarayana 26/02/1995 1994 The Gentleman Vijay Hindi Juhi Chawla Geetha arts Mahesh Batt 18/11/1994 S.P.Parasuram Parshuram Sridevi Sai Charan Combines Raviraja Pinisetty 16/06/1994 Mugguru Monagallu Prudhvi/Vikram/Dattatreya 122 days Triple Role film Roja, nagma, ramyakrishna Anjana Productions K Raghavendra Rao 07/01/1994 1993 Mechanic Alludu Ravi Vijayasanthi geetha Arts B Gopal 27/05/1993 Muta Mesthri Subhash Chandra Bose 225 days Winner: Filmfare Best Actor Award (Telugu) Meena Roja Devi Kamal Combines kodandarami Reddy 17/01/1993 1992 Aapathbandhavudu Madhava 100 Winner: Nandi Award for Best Actor Meenakshi Seshadri Poornodaya movies K Viswanadh 09/10/1992 Aaj Ka Goonda Raj Raja 175 Days Meenakshi Seshadri geetha arts Raviraja Pinisetty 10/07/1992 Gharana Mogudu Raju 256 days Nagma, Vaniviswanadh Devi Film Productions K Raghavendra Rao 09/04/1992 1991 Rowdy Alludu janardhan(Johnny)/Kalyan 141 days Sobhana, Divya Bharathi Sri Sairam Arts K Raghavendra Rao 18/10/1991 Gang Leader Rajaram 189 days Vijayasanthi Shyam Prasad Arts Vijaya Bapineedu 09/05/1991 Stuartpuram Police Station Rana Prathap Vijaya santhi, Nirosha Creative Commercials Yandamuri Veerendranath 09/01/1991 1990 Raja Vikramarka Raja Vikramarka 102 days Amala, radhika Skanda Arts Raviraja Pinisety 14/11/1990 Prathibandh Siddhanth 165 Days Juhi Chawla Geetha Arts Raviraja Pinisetty 29/09/1990 Kodama Simham Bharath 142 days Radha, Sonam, vaniviswanath Rama Films K MuraliMohana Rao 09/08/1990 Jagadeka Veerudu Athiloka Sundari Raju 365 days Sridevi Vyjayanthi Movies K Raghavendra Rao 09/05/1990 Kondaveeti Donga Raja 129 days Radha, Vijayasanthi Sri Vijaya Lakshmi Arts Kodandarami Reddy 09/03/1990 1989 Lankeshwarudu Shankar Radha Vijayamadhavi Combines DasariNarayana Rao 27/10/1989 Rudranetra Nethra 101 days Vijayasanthi, Radha Sri Kalyana Venkateswara K Raghavendra Rao 16/06/1989 State Rowdy Kaali Charan/Prudhvi 121 days Radha, Bhanu Priya maheswari parameswari film B Gopal 23/03/1989 Athaku Yamudu Ammayiki Mogudu Kalyan 152 days Vijayasanthi Geetha Arts Kodandarami Reddy 14/01/1989 1988 Yudda Bhoomi Vijayasanthi R K Associates K Raghavendra Rao 11/11/1988 Trinetrudu Abhimanyu 125 Days, Chiru's 100th movie. Bhanupriya Anjana Productions Kodandarami reddy 22/09/1988 Marana Mrudangam Janrdhan/Johnny radha, Suhasini Creative Commercials Kodandarami Reddy 04/08/1988 Khaidi No.786 Gopi 101 Days Bhanu Priya Shyam Prasad Arts Vijaya baapineedu 10/06/1988 Yamudiki Mogudu Kali/Balu 162 days Vijayasanthi Radha Dynamic Movie Makers Ravi Raja Pinisetty 29/04/1988 Rudraveena Suryanarayana Sharma Winner: Filmfare Best Actor Award (Telugu) Sobhana Anjana Productions K Balachander 04/03/1988 Manchi Donga Veerendra 119 days Radha, Vijayasanthi Devi Film Productions K Raghavendra Rao 14/01/1988 1987 Jebu Donga Chitti Babu radha, Bhanu Priya Roja Movies Kodandarami reddy 25/12/1987 Swayamkrushi Sambaiah 111 days Winner: Nandi Award for Best Actor Vijayasanthi Purnodaya Producions K Viswanadh 03/09/1987 Pasivadi Pranam Madhu 176 days Vijayasanthi Geetha Arts Kodandarami Reddy 23/07/1987 Chakravarthy Chakravarthy Bhanu Priya vasantha Art Productions Ravi raja Pinisetty 04/06/1987 Aradhana Puli Raju Suhasini Geetha Arts Bharathi Raja 27/03/1987 Donga Mogudu Ravi Teja/Nagaraju 142 days Radhika, Madhavi, Bhanu Maheswari Films Kodanda Rami reddy 09/01/1987 1986 Chanakya Shapadham Chanakya Vijayasanthi D V N productions K Raghavendra Rao 18/12/1986 Dairyavanthudu Vijayasanthi Deepak raj Pictures Lakshmi Deepak 27/11/1986 Rakshasudu 126 days Suhasini Radha Creative Commercials kodandarami Reddy 02/10/1986 Chantabbai Pandu Ranga Rao 112 days Suhasini Jyothy Art pictures Jandhyala 22/08/1986 Veta Raanaa Pratap Kumar Verma 100 days Jaya Prada Samyuktha Films Kodandarami Reddy 28/05/1986 Magadheerudu 100 days Jaya Sudha Shyam Prasad Arts Vijaya Baapineedu 07/03/1986 Kondaveeti Raja Raja 119 days Radha, Vijayasanthi Devi Film Productions K Raghavendra Rao 31/10/1986 Kirathakudu Charan Suhasini Lakshmi Films Division Kodandarami Reddy 10/01/1986 1985 Vijetha Chinnababu 109 days Bhanu Priya Geetha Arts Kodandarami Reddy 23/10/1985 Adavi Donga Kalidas 156 days radha Gopi Art Pictures K Raghavendra Rao 19/09/1985 Raktha Sindhuram Gandra Goddali & Inspector Gopi Radha Gopi Movies Kodanda Rami reddy 24/08/1985 Puli Kranthi Radha Sri venkata Sai Films Raj Bharath 26/07/1985 Jwala Raju Bhanupriya P N R pictures Raviraja Pinisetty 14/07/1985 Chiranjeevi Chiranjeevi Vijayasanthi Ajaya Creations C A Rajendran 18/04/1985 Donga Phani 106 days Contains "Goli Maar" dance scene, similar to Michael Jackson's "Thriller" video, and made famous on YouTube as "Indian Thriller", among other titles. See Goli Maar here Radha Vijayalakshmi Art Pictures Kodandarami Reddy 14/03/1985 Chattam Tho Poratam Ravi Shankar 142 days Madhavi Devi Film Productions K Bapaiah 11/01/1985 1984 Rustum Gopi Urvasi Maheswari Films Kodandarami Reddy 21/12/1984 Agnigundam Vijay Sumalatha Sri Kranthi Chitra Kranthi kumar 23/11/1984 Naagu Naagu Radha A V M Productions Thathineni Prasad 11/10/1984 Intiguttu Vijay Kumar 125 days'Winner': Filmfare Best Actor Award (Telugu) Nalini varma Productions K Bapaiah 14/09/1984 Challenge Gandhi 113 days Vijayasanthi, Suhasini Creative Commercials Kodandarami Reddy 09/08/1984 Mahanagaramlo Mayagadu Vijayasanthi Shyam Prasad Arts Vijaya Bapineedu 28/06/1984 Devanthakudu 109 days Vijayasanthi Damayanthi Pictures S A Chandrasekhar 12/04/1984 Hero Krishna Radhika Geetha Arts Vijaya Bapineedu 23/03/1984 Goonda Kalidas/Raja 119 days Radha Rajalakshmi Productions Kodandarami Reddy 23/02/1984 Allulu Vasthunnaru Geetha B R productions K Vasu 11/02/1984 1983 Sangarshana Dilip 100 dyas Nalini Suresh Productions K Murali Mohan Rao 29/12/1983 Manthri gari Viyyankudu Babji 106 days Poornima Jayaram Muddu Arts Bapu 04/11/1983 Khaidi Suryam 150 days Madhavi, Sumalatha Samyuktha Movies A Kodanrami Reddy 28/10/1983 Simhapoori Simham Vijay Radhika Madhavi Vijaysai Films Kodi Ramakrishna 20/10/1983 Maa Inti Premayanam Madhavi Chandramani Productions Alluri Ravi 11/08/1983 Roshagadu Sikander Madhavi P N R Pictures K S R Das 29/07/1983 Maga Maharaju Raju 125 days Suhasini Shyam Prasad Arts Vijaya Bapineedu 15/07/1983 Gudachari No.1 Vijay Radhika Viyajalakshmi Art Pictures Kodi Ramakrishna 30/06/1983 Puli Bebbuli Radhika Kamala Cine Arts K S R Das 16/06/1983 Shivudu Shivudu Shivudu Radhika Sri Kanthi Chitra Kodandarami Reddy 09/06/1983 Aalyashikaram Sumalatha Srilatha Movies Kodi Ramakrishna 07/05/1983 Abhilasha Chiranjeevi 145 days Radhika Creative Commercial Kodandarami Reddy 11/03/1983 Palletoori Monagadu Radhika Rajalakshmi Art Movies S A Chandrasekhar 05/02/1983 Prema Pichollu Ravi Radhika Satyadevi Combines Kodanda Rami reddy 14/01/1983 1982 Bandhalu Anubandhalu Suhasini Gunachitra Bhargav 26/11/1982 Manchu Pallaki 100 days Suhasini Godavari Chitra Vamsee 19/11/1982 Mondi Ghatam Ravindra Radhika Ananthalakxi international Raja Chandra 06/11/1982 Yamakinkarudu Vijay Radhika Geetha creative arts Raj Bharath 22/10/1982 Billa Ranga Billa Syamala Gowri P L R Pictures K S R Das 15/10/1982 Patnam Vachina Prativrathalu Gopi 105 days radhika Srinivasa Productions Mouli 01/10/1982 Tingu Rangadu Rangadu Geetika Anil Prodctions Thatineni Prasad 01/10/1982 Radha My Darling Vijaya Kala Vijayakala Mandir Vijay Bhaskar 30/07/1982 Sitadevi Rajani Bhumichitra Eranki Sharma 30/07/1982 Idi Pellantara Radhikaa Sri Kranthi Chitra Vijay Bhaskar 16/07/1982 Subhalekha Narasimha Murthy 122 days Winner: Filmfare Best Actor Award (Telugu) Sumalatha Prasanthi Chitra K Viswanadh 11/06/1982 Bandipotu Simham Sumangali Satya Venu Movies S P Muthu Raman 21/05/1982 Intlo Ramayya Veedilo Krishnayya Rajasekharam 520 days Madhavi Pratap Art Productions Kodi Ramakrishna 23/04/1982 1981 Kirayi Rowdylu Radhika Sri Kranthi Chitra KodandaRamiReddy 24/12/1981 Chattaniki Kallu Levu Vijay 156 days Madhavi Srikar Productions S A Chandrasekhar 30/10/1981 Priya Radhika Prabhu Chitra S P Chitti Babu 23/10/1981 Srirasthu Subhamasthu Swapna Sri Alayammas creations Katta Subbarao 26/09/1981 47 Rojulu Jaya Prada Premalaya K Balachender 03/09/1981 Rani Kasula Rangamma Sridevi Anil Productions Thatineni Prasad 01/08/1981 Ooriki Ichina Maata Ramudu Kavitha Amrutha Films M Balayya 24/06/1981 Nyayam Kavali Suresh Kumar 150 days Radhika Sri Kranthi Chitra Kodandarami Reddy 15/05/1981 Prema Natakam Guest Appearance Parimala Art Pictures Katta Subba Rao 18/04/1981 Tirugu Leni Manishi Jayalakshmi Devi Film Productions K Raghavendra Rao 03/04/1981 Todu Dongalu Geetha TV International K Vasu 12/02/1981 Paravathi Parameshwarulu Prabha Pallavi Pictures M S Koti Reddy 06/02/1981 Adavaallu Meeku Johaarulu Suvarna Bharath Films K Balachander 15/01/1981 1980 Rakta Sambandham Suvarna Reeko Films Alluri Ravi 13/12/1980 Mogudu Kavali 175 days Gayatri Charita Chitra Katta Subbarao 15/11/1980 Prema Tarangalu Kumar Sujatha Prabhu Chitra S P Chitti Babu 24/10/1980 Love in Singapore Suresh Meslin S A S Films Baby 27/09/1980 Thathayya Premaleelalu Geetha, Seema Kaumudi Arts B V Prasad 19/09/1980 Kaali Fataafat Jayalaksmi Sujatha Films IV Shashi 19/09/1980 Nakili Manishi Prasad / Shyam Sangeetha, Sunitha Ravichitra SD Lal 01/08/1980 Punnami Naagu Naagulu Got First Film fare award.125 days Menaka VVM Productions Raj Sekhar 13/06/1980 Mosagadu Indrani Sowmya Cine Arts Shavala Satyam 19/04/1980 Jathara Indrani Sowmya Cine Arts Shavala Satyam 19/04/1980 Aarani Mantalu Kavitha T V Films K Vasu 15/03/1980 Chandipriya Suvarna Anjali Pictures V Madhusudan Rao 07/03/1980 Kottapeta Rowdy Guest Appearance Satya Chitra P Sambasva Rao 07/03/1980 Agni Samskaram Madhavi Sri Sarada International JP PrabhakarSharma 21/02/1980 1979 Kothala Raayudu Madhavi Sri Charita Chitra K Vasu 15/09/1979 Sri Rambantu 112 days Geetha Ravichitra Films Kommineni 03/07/1979 Idikatha Kaadu Jayasudha bharath films K Balachander 29/06/1979 Punaadi Rallu 102 days Dharma Vijaya Combines Raj Kumar 21/06/1979 I Love You Ramesh Suvarna Sri Gowri Combines Vayunandana Rao 01/06/1979 Kotta Alludu Satya Chitra P Sambasiva Rao 31/05/1979 Kukka Katuku Cheppu Debba Madhavi Gopikrishna International Eranki Sharma 01/03/1979 Tayaramma Bangarayya Madhavi Purnodaya Art Creations Kommineni 12/01/1979 1978 Manavoori Pandavulu Parthu 150 days Jayakrishna Movies Bapu 09/11/1978 Pranam Khareedu Narasimha 111 days Reshma Roy Annapurna Cine Enterprise K vasu 22/09/1978 [edPersonal Lifeit] Chiranjeevi's family had six members from the Telugu film fraternity. He has two sisters and two brothers. His first brother, Nagendra Babu is a film producer and a film actor. His second brother, Pawan Kalyan is a popular Telugu film actor. His son, Ram Charan Teja recently forayed into mainstream cinema as an actor. One of his brother-in-laws, Venkateswara Rao is a famous eye specialist. Chiranjeevi's father-in-law, Allu Ramalingaiah is a veteran actor in the Telugu film industry. His first daughter, Sushmita married Chennai based businessman, Vishnu Prasad [7] while his second daughter, Srija's marriage with Sirish Bharadwaj was mired in a controversy [8]. Chiranjeevi's brother-in-law Allu Aravind is a film producer in the Telugu film industry while his nephew, Allu Arjun is one of the popular actors in Telugu film industry. [edit] Trivia * Chiranjeevi changed his name from Shiv Shankar Vara Prasad to Chiranjeevi as screen name because he is a devotee of Anjaneya Swami. * Chiranjeevi likes reading books about personality development and human behaviour. * Chiranjeevi is a NCC cadet. * Chiranjeevi likes Pappu Charu and Uppu Chepa (a typical coastal food) very much. * Chiranjeevi's cars consist of a unique numbering, that is, the number 1 successively four times - 1111 * Chiranjeevi and Senior N.T.R acted together in the movie Tiruguleni Manishi. * Chiranjeevi and ANR acted together in mechanic alludu [edit] See also * Andhra Pradesh * Padma Bhushan * Chiranjeevi Charitable Trust * Tollywood * Pawan Kalyan * Allu Arjun * Ram Charan Teja [edit] References 1. ^ idlebrain.com. Chiranjeevi Charitable Trust. Retrieved on 3 December 2006. 2. ^ When life imitated art Staff Reporter HYDERABAD: When President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam visited Chiranjeevi Eye & Blood Bank (CEBB) here on Saturday, it was a case of a "reel life" situation turning real. Megastar Chiranjeevi recalled that years ago, the climax of his movie `Rudraveena' had the hero being felicitated by the Prime Minister. He had then dismissed it as a situation that would be found only in films. "But now, hearing such good words from none other than the President, I am at a loss for words. I consider myself fortunate and I attribute the service to my fans and the dedicated team of wonderful people," he said. President Kalam said any service that strived to remove man's pain was part of "God's mission". 3. ^ http://www.naandi.org 4. ^ andhravilas.com. Chiranjeevi receives Padma Bhushan. Retrieved on 3 November 2006. 5. ^ in.yahoo.com. Chiranjeevi receives Doctorate. Retrieved on 2 November 2006. 6. ^ The much awaited Padma award finally fell into Chiranjeevi s neck. A scroll of paper on which the name and purpose of the award transferred from the hands on the President of india into the hands of Chiranjeevi. From now on Chiranjeevi is Padmabhushan of Telugu cinema. This was a momentous occasion for Chiranjeevi. After Akkineni Nageswara Rao, the legendary actor of golden era of Telugu cinema, was bestowed with this honor, this was the turn of Chiranjeevi to receive it, as representative of the second generation of actors. Inspired by Delhi Andhra Association s warm felicitation, Chiranjeevi said that he wanted such abhimanulu to keep him going well. They are his strength he added. Aswani Dutt who made a number of films with Chiranjeevi hoped that the actor would sure take up more films with social message, like Indra and Tagore. He said that Chiranjeevi s social responsibility grew as Padmabhushan . He should entertain his audience, with greater sense of responsibility. The young and old should be inspired by his themes, he added. Dasari felt that Chiranjeevi has yet to play a role that really matches his talent and personality. He hoped a time would come when Chiranjeevi s films celebrate platinum and diamond Jubilees. Chiranjeevi is a great believer of God, especially Hanuman. That is how this Siva Sankara Vara Prasad became Chiranjeevi. He worked with grate devotion to achieve this ambition, to become soon the Mega Star of Telugu cinema. Chiranjeevi opened his innings with Punaadi Raallu . Pranam Khareedu established him. He got an award for the role he played in Manavoori Pandavulu . It is said that he received Rs.1116/- as remuneration for that film and today he is the highest paid artiste in Telugu cinema. Kothala Rayudu', 'Punnaminagu' 'Intlo Ramayya-Veedhilo Krishnayya' were some of the films that earned name for his performances. But the release of Khaidi changed his fate and status instantly. He became a dynamic action star overnight. He began playing some scenes for children. Imitation of Charlie Chaplin in a song is one example. Mestri and Apadbhandavudu are some more great films. Blood Bank and Eye Bank. Apadbhandavudu won him best actor award. In 25 years of film career, he stood out as talented actor for 22 years. He got two more Nandi awards and seven Filmfare awards. He bagged national award for his Rudraveena that produced and acted. -Pallavi 7. ^ Indiaglitz.com. Sushmita marries a Chennai based businessman. 8. ^ Hindustan Times. Star daughter elopes, weds her boyfriend. (Less)
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2163, 09:00, 2007-04-04 07:01:46 Description: Contributed by: (http://www.india-herbs.com):
Sarees from different regions of India
A range of gorgeous sarees come from Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh and Western Madhya (More) Contributed by: (http://www.india-herbs.com):
Sarees from different regions of India
A range of gorgeous sarees come from Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh and Western Madhya Pradesh. The dominant characteristic of the saree of these regions is obtained by dyeing rather than weaving techniques. In fact, the three major forms of Indian resist-dyeing -- block printing, tie & dye and ikat have evolved here.
Playing with colour, fabric, weave and embellishments can create an exquisite look to the trousseau wardrobe.
Sarees from West India:
1. Bandhani
- These are sarees created by dyeing the cloth in such a manner that many small resist-dyed 'spots' produce elaborate patterns over the fabric.
- The traditional bandhani market has shrunk however, because of the rise of low-cost silk-screened imitations and most modern bandhani sarees are made with larger designs and fewer ties than in the past. There are varieties available in two contrasting colours, with borders, end-pieces and one or more large central medallion called a pomcha or padma (lotus flower). Red and black is the most common colour combination but other pairs of colours are also found. For instance, the panetar saree is a Gujarati-Hindu saree of satin weave and Gajji silk with red borders, central medallions and a white body, which may contain regularly spaced red tie-dyed spots.
- Single colour sarees and odhnis with white spots are also common. The most famous of this type is the Gujarati saree called Garchola It is usually red, but occasionally green, and is divided into a network of squares created by rows of white tie-dyed spots or woven bands of zari. The Garchola is a traditional Hindu and Jain wedding saree, which used to be made of cotton, but is now usually in silk. The number of squares in the saree is ritually significant multiples of 9, 12 or 52.
2. Patola
- The most time consuming and elaborate saree created by the western region is the potole (plural patola) which has intricate five colour designs resist-dyed into both warp and weft threads before weaving.
- Double ikat patola saree is a rare and expensive investment. A cheaper alternative to double ikat patola is the silk ikat saree developed in Rajkot (Gujarat), that creates patola and other geometric designs in the weft threads only.
3. Gujarati Brocade
These are extremely expensive and virtually extinct. The main distinguishing characteristics of the Gujarati Brocade Saree:
- Butis (circular designs) woven into the field in the warp direction instead of the weft, resulting in their lying horizontally instead of vertically on the saree when draped.
- Floral designs woven in coloured silk, against a golden (woven zari) ground fabric. Although such 'inlay' work is a common feature in many western Deccan silks, the Gujarati work usually has leaves, flowers and stems outlined by a fine dark line.
4. Embroidered Tinsel Sarees
- The western region also has a rich embroidered tradition, made famous by ethnic groups such as rabaris and sodha Rajputs.
- The saree with zardozi, the gold gilt thread embroidery technique, at one time patronised by the Moghul emperors and the aristocracy, is today an inextricable part of a bridal trousseau.
- Balla tinsel and khari work are the cheaper variations available in metallic embroidery, which have also become quite popular.
5. Paithani
- This saree is named after a village near Aurangabad in Maharashtra. Now also woven in the town of Yeola, these sarees use an enormous amount of labour, skill and sheer expanse of material in their creation.
- Distinctive motifs such as parrots, trees and plants are woven into the saree. The shades vary from vivid magenta, peacock greens and purples. In the pallav, the base is in gold and the pattern is done in silk, giving the whole saree an embossed look.
6. Chanderi and Maheshwari
- The Chanderi saree from Madhya Pradesh is light and meant for Indian summers. It is made in silk or fine cotton with patterns taken from the Chanderi temples.
- The Maheshwari sarees are also both in cotton and silk, usually green or purple with a zari border. The traditional block-printed tussar can also be found in contemporary designs nowadays.
- Balla tinsel and khari work are the cheaper variations available in metallic embroidery, which have also become quite popular.
7. Gadwal
- Gadwal saree is made in cotton in a style influenced by the Banarasi weaves. While the ground of the saree is cotton, there is a loosely attached silk border.
- Copper or gold-dipped zari is generally used in these sarees. The motifs of the murrugan (peacock) and the rudraksh are popular.
- Traditional colours for these sarees are earth shades of browns, greys and off-whites. However, brighter shades have been introduced for the North Indian buyer. (Less)
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1631, 01:04, 2009-05-29 06:01:44 Description: "For full free video - plz visit our website. bollywood desi shakeela unnimary naked maria sexy sindu hot pooja tamilan thighs romance masala movies desi clips comedy kannada andhra pradesh guest (More) "For full free video - plz visit our website. bollywood desi shakeela unnimary naked maria sexy sindu hot pooja tamilan thighs romance masala movies desi clips comedy kannada andhra pradesh guest house hotel torn blouse village prostitute south kerala girl " (Less)
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1380, 00:32, 2008-04-02 20:13:06 Description: Video of the erotic sculptures at Khajuraho, the ancient temple complex in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Many of the sculptures dealing with sex and love are based on Kamasutra, the Indian treat
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1318, 00:57, 2009-03-29 21:14:14 Description: vaibhavi sexy tamil song kerala mms dress change bhabi husband couple sister uncle aunty north indian madya pradesh ladky ishq ladki film softcore masala masti mujra maduri madhuri mega serial sex (More) vaibhavi sexy tamil song kerala mms dress change bhabi husband couple sister uncle aunty north indian madya pradesh ladky ishq ladki film softcore masala masti mujra maduri madhuri mega serial sex kamya mumtaz shruti kumtaz ... (Less)
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1382, 02:07, 2009-04-13 01:49:06 Description: In Bombay, children as young as 9 are bought for up to 60000 rupees, or US$2000, at auctions where foreigners bid against Indian men who believe sleeping with a virgin cures gonorrhea and syphilis. (More) In Bombay, children as young as 9 are bought for up to 60000 rupees, or US$2000, at auctions where foreigners bid against Indian men who believe sleeping with a virgin cures gonorrhea and syphilis. Child prostitution is more common here in India than any where else in the world. India has more than 1.3 million children in its sex-trade centers. The children come from relatively poorer areas and are trafficked to relatively richer ones. Karnataka, Andha Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu in ... (Less)
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1290, 10:28, 2009-01-26 04:57:57 Description: Bandit Queen is a 1994 Bollywood film based upon the life of Phoolan Devi. It was directed by Shekhar Kapur and starred Seema Biswas as the title character. It was produced Bobby Bedi's (More) Bandit Queen is a 1994 Bollywood film based upon the life of Phoolan Devi. It was directed by Shekhar Kapur and starred Seema Biswas as the title character. It was produced Bobby Bedi's Kaleidoscope Entertainment.
The film opens in the summer of 1968 at a small village in Uttar Pradesh. Phoolan, eleven years old (played by Sunita Bhatt) [1], is married to a twenty-something fellow called Puttilal (Aditya Shrivastava). Though child marriages are customary during that time, Phoolan's mother Moola (Savitri Raekwar) objects to the timing of the match. Phoolan's aging father Devideen (Ram Charan Nirmalker) hesitates at first, but eventually agrees, and Phoolan is sent off with Puttilal.
Phoolan is exposed to some sobering realities, including the caste system. (Phoolan's family as well as Puttilal's family belong to the lower ranked Mallah sub caste; the higher ranked Thakur caste takes the lead in social and political situations.) Puttilal is physically and sexually abusive, and Phoolan eventually runs away and returns home. As Phoolan grows older, she faces incidents of (non-consensual) fondling and groping from the Thakur men (whose parents make up the panchayat or village government). At the next town meeting, the panchayat decides to banish Phoolan from the village. (Less)
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1375, 09:00, 2008-04-21 16:29:36 Description: Contributed by: (http://www.india-herbs.com): Sarees from different regions of India A range of gorgeous sarees come from Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh and Western Madhya (More) Contributed by: (http://www.india-herbs.com): Sarees from different regions of India A range of gorgeous sarees come from Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh and Western Madhya Pradesh. The dominant characteristic of the saree of these regions is obtained by dyeing rather than weaving techniques. In fact, the three major forms of Indian resist-dyeing -- block printing, tie & dye and ikat have evolved here. Playing with colour, fabric, weave and embellishments can create an exquisite look to the trousseau wardrobe. Sarees from West India: 1. Bandhani - These are sarees created by dyeing the cloth in such a manner that many small resist-dyed 'spots' produce elaborate patterns over the fabric. - The traditional bandhani market has shrunk however, because of the rise of low-cost silk-screened imitations and most modern bandhani sarees are made with larger designs and fewer ties than in the past. There are varieties available in two contrasting colours, with borders, end-pieces and one or more large central medallion called a pomcha or padma (lotus flower). Red and black is the most common colour combination but other pairs of colours are also found. For instance, the panetar saree is a Gujarati-Hindu saree of satin weave and Gajji silk with red borders, central medallions and a white body, which may contain regularly spaced red tie-dyed spots. - Single colour sarees and odhnis with white spots are also common. The most famous of this type is the Gujarati saree called Garchola It is usually red, but occasionally green, and is divided into a network of squares created by rows of white tie-dyed spots or woven bands of zari. The Garchola is a traditional Hindu and Jain wedding saree, which used to be made of cotton, but is now usually in silk. The number of squares in the saree is ritually significant multiples of 9, 12 or 52. 2. Patola - The most time consuming and elaborate saree created by the western region is the potole (plural patola) which has intricate five colour designs resist-dyed into both warp and weft threads before weaving. - Double ikat patola saree is a rare and expensive investment. A cheaper alternative to double ikat patola is the silk ikat saree developed in Rajkot (Gujarat), that creates patola and other geometric designs in the weft threads only. 3. Gujarati Brocade These are extremely expensive and virtually extinct. The main distinguishing characteristics of the Gujarati Brocade Saree: - Butis (circular designs) woven into the field in the warp direction instead of the weft, resulting in their lying horizontally instead of vertically on the saree when draped. - Floral designs woven in coloured silk, against a golden (woven zari) ground fabric. Although such 'inlay' work is a common feature in many western Deccan silks, the Gujarati work usually has leaves, flowers and stems outlined by a fine dark line. 4. Embroidered Tinsel Sarees - The western region also has a rich embroidered tradition, made famous by ethnic groups such as rabaris and sodha Rajputs. - The saree with zardozi, the gold gilt thread embroidery technique, at one time patronised by the Moghul emperors and the aristocracy, is today an inextricable part of a bridal trousseau. - Balla tinsel and khari work are the cheaper variations available in metallic embroidery, which have also become quite popular. 5. Paithani - This saree is named after a village near Aurangabad in Maharashtra. Now also woven in the town of Yeola, these sarees use an enormous amount of labour, skill and sheer expanse of material in their creation. - Distinctive motifs such as parrots, trees and plants are woven into the saree. The shades vary from vivid magenta, peacock greens and purples. In the pallav, the base is in gold and the pattern is done in silk, giving the whole saree an embossed look. 6. Chanderi and Maheshwari - The Chanderi saree from Madhya Pradesh is light and meant for Indian summers. It is made in silk or fine cotton with patterns taken from the Chanderi temples. - The Maheshwari sarees are also both in cotton and silk, usually green or purple with a zari border. The traditional block-printed tussar can also be found in contemporary designs nowadays. - Balla tinsel and khari work are the cheaper variations available in metallic embroidery, which have also become quite popular. 7. Gadwal - Gadwal saree is made in cotton in a style influenced by the Banarasi weaves. While the ground of the saree is cotton, there is a loosely attached silk border. - Copper or gold-dipped zari is generally used in these sarees. The motifs of the murrugan (peacock) and the rudraksh are popular. - Traditional colours for these sarees are earth shades of browns, greys and off-whites. However, brighter shades have been introduced for the North Indian buyer. (Less)
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762, 00:57, 2009-09-12 14:09:51 Description: TV5_03PM news
Channel: youtubeTags: Anantapur police arrest the vajrakaru sex scandal Telugu TeluguOne TV5 Live News Andhra Pradesh National Regional Current Affiars YS Raja Shekar Reddy
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746, 00:58, 2008-04-02 20:13:05 Description: Video of the erotic sculptures at Khajuraho. These scultures can well be described as lessons of sex based on Kamasutra (Ancient Indian text on lovemaking) and Tantra. Khajuraho is a World Heritage Si
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574, 03:54, 2009-04-12 01:02:23 Description: In Bombay, children as young as 9 are bought for up to 60000 rupees, or US$2000, at auctions where foreigners bid against Indian men who believe sleeping with a virgin cures gonorrhea and syphilis. (More) In Bombay, children as young as 9 are bought for up to 60000 rupees, or US$2000, at auctions where foreigners bid against Indian men who believe sleeping with a virgin cures gonorrhea and syphilis. Child prostitution is more common here in India than any where else in the world. India has more than 1.3 million children in its sex-trade centers. The children come from relatively poorer areas and are trafficked to relatively richer ones. Karnataka, Andha Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu in ... (Less)
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529, 00:49, 2009-07-31 08:38:10 Description: "For full free video - plz visit our website. bollywood desi shakeela unnimary naked maria sexy sindu hot pooja tamilan thighs romance masala movies desi clips comedy kannada andhra pradesh guest (More) "For full free video - plz visit our website. bollywood desi shakeela unnimary naked maria sexy sindu hot pooja tamilan thighs romance masala movies desi clips comedy kannada andhra pradesh guest house hotel torn blouse village prostitute south kerala girl " (Less)
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494, 10:01, 2008-06-09 14:50:14 Description: To many, Satya Say Baba is a holy man and living deity, called by his devotees: the Lord of Serpents. An ironic appellation considering his history with young members of his following he attempted to (More) To many, Satya Say Baba is a holy man and living deity, called by his devotees: the Lord of Serpents. An ironic appellation considering his history with young members of his following he attempted to seduce. As with many open frauds and mountebanks, Say Baba has humble pre-canonizational beginnings yet through influence and power attained by auction of hyperbole and credulity he has gained a significant following.
On November 23, 1926 he was born "Sath-yan-arayana Raju" to Peddacenkappa and Easwaramma in a remote village of the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Much like Mary mother of Jesus, Easwaramma reported an encounter with a holy god or swamy, "Sathyanarayana Swamy," who, in a dream, overcame her with a blue light sphere making her faint and by some mystery, also pregnant. While Baba developed, as the chosen mother reports, musical instruments played on their own accord in their household. In deed, Baba' beginnings appear miraculous by the accounts of his mother, while other accounts proffered by other family members show some discrepencies. Whatever the truth is, it was in Sathyanarayana's high school years that he declared his divine reincarnation.
After reviving from a coma induced by scorpion bite, Baba began to spontaneously pronounce shlokas or story like prayers from Hindu scripture. In May 1940 he proclaimed himself to be a reincarnation of the fakir and saint Sai Baba of Shirdi, adopting his name, Sai Baba.
Despite the wishes of his devotees, there is much to read about his man, his story has been dissected and explored. Nevertheless, one need not uncover any hidden details to assert the fraudulence of this following. His prophecies are unsure and his teachings are generic. One can't help, as with Mohamed or Joseph Smith, but notice his eclectic collection of obviously plagiarized dictates. Some example of subject matter include, service and charity, love for all creatures, temporary status on earth, devotion to God, etc. Other curious teachings that separate Baba's following from other faiths, such as celibacy after age fifty or requisite meditation from 3:00 am to 4:00 am, make one wonder what possible utility his sayings have aside from making one drowsy and perhaps regretting marriage.
The real mystery in my mind is whether or not his +1 million devotees actually believe their dear leader. According to Baba all religions, including the Pope's Catholicism, Phelps' Westboro Baptists, Koresh's Branch Davidians, and Farrakhan's Nation of Islam are all "paths to realizing the One (God)." Assuming they ignore doctrinal considerations such as these, how do they come to terms with accusations surrounding his sex abuses on the boy Alayan Rahm and Marc-Andre St. Jean?
Partisans who visit my channel on YouTube have revealed an interesting theme to me, and I've since seen it prolifically among believers of all stripes as I have made commentary on their various videos. It is the ridiculous silence they attempt to maintain throughout their community regarding the validity of Baba's claims. The lack of candor is admittedly depressing. Users such as "seealwaysinside" and "i2smile" ignore my commentary and questions better than any other user I have attempted to challenge. It seems as though they have seen always inside and smiled about how they can get away with falsity and distortion of truth.
As you watch Tanya Datta's documentary on Baba, ask yourself what you think about him. Are in fact his followers honest about their leader's nature? It is my hope you will answer no, extreme dishonesty it rampant. I hope in general that you see the liability associated with both leader worship and lack of inquiry. (Less)
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467, 06:29, 2008-04-17 13:01:55 Description: You love this music Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, George Harrison, and John Lennon Beatles Soundtrack (partials) 0:00 - 0:13 Twist & Shout 0:14 - 0:29 I Feel Fine 0:29 - 0:41 We Can Work It Out (More) You love this music Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, George Harrison, and John Lennon Beatles Soundtrack (partials) 0:00 - 0:13 Twist & Shout 0:14 - 0:29 I Feel Fine 0:29 - 0:41 We Can Work It Out 0:41 - 0:54 I Wanna Hold Your Hand 0:54 - 1:10 Love Me Do 1:10 - 1:21 She Loves You 1:21 - 1:39 Yes It Is 1:40 - 1:55 I Will 1:56 - 2:20 All My Loving 2:20 - 2:44 Birthday 2:45 - 3:10 Lucy in the Sky 3:10 - 3:26 Sgt. Pepper 3:26 - 3:42 I Am the Walrus 3:42 - 3:57 Magical Mystery Tour 3:57 - 4:13 Yes it Is (again) 4:13 - 4:24 She Loves You (again) 4:24 - 4:44 Ticket to Ride 4:44 - 5:05 Paperback Writer 5:05 - 5:30 Hey Jude 5:30 - 5:52 Get Back 5:53 - 6:02 I need help here, no idea what this one is 6:02 - 6:29 Ob La Di Ob La Da [ above is courtesy of HappyDaze01. Thx HaDz01"!] Origin Liverpool, England Rock/Pop - Years active 1960--1970 Parlophone, Capitol, Apple, Vee-Jay, Polydor, Swan, Tollie Related to Tony Sheridan, The Quarrymen, The Plastic Ono Band, The Dirty Mac, Wings, Traveling Wilburys, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes, Ringo Starr All-Starr Band, Billy Preston Members - Ever to Date John Lennon Paul McCartney George Harrison Ringo Starr Former members Stuart Sutcliffe Pete Best The Beatles were an English rock band from Liverpool whose members were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. They are the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed band in the history of popular music. The Beatles are the best-selling musical act of all time in the United States of America, according to the Recording Industry Association of America, which certified them as the highest selling band of all time based on American sales of singles and albums. In the United Kingdom, The Beatles released more than 40 different singles, albums, and EPs that reached number one. This commercial success was repeated in many other countries: their record company, EMI, estimated that by 1985 they had sold over one billion discs and tapes worldwide. In 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked The Beatles #1 on their list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. According to that same magazine, their innovative music and cultural impact helped define the 1960s,[2] and their influence on pop culture can still be felt today. The Beatles led the mid-1960s musical "British Invasion" into the United States. Although their initial musical style was rooted in 1950s rock and roll and homegrown skiffle, the group explored genres ranging from Tin Pan Alley to psychedelic rock. Their clothes, styles, and statements made them trend-setters, while their growing social awareness saw their influence extend into the social and cultural revolutions of the 1960s. 1957--1960: Formation The Quarrymen In March 1957, John Lennon formed a skiffle group called The Quarrymen whilst attending Quarry Bank Grammar School in Liverpool.[6] Lennon and the Quarrymen met guitarist Paul McCartney at the Woolton Garden Fête held at St. Peter's Church on 6 July 1957.[7] On 6 February 1958, the young guitarist George Harrison was invited to watch the group (who played under a variety of names) at Wilson Hall, Garston, Liverpool.[8] McCartney had become acquainted with Harrison on the morning school bus ride to the Liverpool Institute, as they both lived in Speke. At McCartney's insistence, Harrison joined the Quarrymen as lead guitarist[9] after a rehearsal in March 1958, overcoming Lennon's initial reluctance because of Harrison's young age.[10] Members continually joined and left the lineup during that period, and in January 1960 Lennon's art school friend Stuart Sutcliffe joined on bass.[11] Lennon and McCartney both played rhythm guitar and the group had a high turnover of drummers. The Quarrymen went through a progression of names — "Johnny and the Moondogs", "Long John and the Beatles", "the Silver Beetles" (derived from Larry Parnes' suggestion of "Long John and the Silver Beetles") — before settling on "The Beatles". There are many theories as to the origin of the name and its unusual spelling. It is usually credited to Lennon, who said that the name was a combination word-play on the insects "beetles" (as a reference to Buddy Holly's band, the Crickets) and the word "beat". Cynthia Lennon suggests that Lennon came up with the name Beatles at a "brainstorming session over a beer-soaked table in the Renshaw Hall bar."[12] Lennon, who was well known for giving multiple versions of the same story joked in a 1961 Mersey Beat magazine article that "It came in a vision — a man appeared on a flaming pie and said unto them, 'From this day on you are Beatles with an A'".[13] During an interview in 2001, Paul McCartney took credit for the peculiar spelling of the name, saying that "John had the idea of calling us the Beetles, I said, 'how about the Beatles; you know, like the beat of the drum?' At the time, everyone was stoned enough to find it hilarious. It's funny how history is made." [14] In May 1960 The Beatles toured northeast Scotland as a back-up band with singer Johnny Gentle.[15] They met Gentle an hour before their first gig, and McCartney referred to the tour as a great experience for the band.[16] For the tour the often drummerless group secured the services of Tommy Moore, who was considerably older than the others.[17] Soon after the tour, however, feeling the age gap was too great Moore left the band and went back to work in a bottling factory as a fork-lift truck driver.[18] Norman Chapman was the band's next drummer, but was called up for National Service in a few weeks. His departure posed a significant problem as the group's unofficial manager, Allan Williams, had arranged for them to perform in clubs on the Reeperbahn in Hamburg, Germany.[19] 1960--1970: The Beatles Hamburg On 15 August 1960, McCartney invited Pete Best to become the group's permanent drummer. He had watched Best play with the Blackjacks[20] in the Casbah Club, owned by Pete's mother, Mona Best. This was a cellar club in West Derby, Liverpool, where The Beatles had played and often visited.[21] In the documentary The Compleat Beatles, Williams said that Best "played not too cleverly, but passable." The Beatles started playing in Hamburg at the Indra and Kaiserkeller bars. They were required to play six or seven hours a night, seven nights a week. Shortly after they began performing at a new venue, the "Top Ten Club",[22] Harrison was deported for having lied to the German authorities about his age.[23] A week later, having started a small fire at their living quarters while vacating it for more luxurious rooms, McCartney and Best were arrested, charged with arson, and deported.[24] Lennon followed the others to Liverpool in mid-December. The reunited Beatles played their first engagement on 17 December 1960 at the Casbah Club and returned to Hamburg in April 1961. Whilst playing at the Top Ten Club they were recruited by singer Tony Sheridan to act as his backing band on a series of recordings for the German Polydor Records label,[25] produced by famed bandleader Bert Kaempfert.[19] Kaempfert signed the group to its own Polydor contract at the first session on 22 June 1961. On 31 October Polydor released the recording "My Bonnie (Mein Herz ist bei dir nur)", which appeared on the German charts under the name "Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers", a generic name used for whoever happened to be in Sheridan's backup band.[26] In addition to the legend that this record led to the group's eventual meeting with Brian Epstein, it also resulted in their first mention in the American press. Around the beginning of 1962, Cashbox mentioned "My Bonnie" as the debut of a "new rock and roll team, Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers". A few copies were also pressed under the Decca label for U.S. disc jockeys, as American Decca had a distribution deal with Polydor parent Deutsche Grammophon.[27] (This was ironic, considering that by this time the then-unaffiliated British Decca had turned down the group's attempt to gain a recording contract.) When the group returned to Liverpool, Sutcliffe stayed on in Hamburg with his new German fiancee Astrid Kirchherr, [28] and McCartney took over bass duties.[29] Their third stay in Hamburg was from 13 April to 31 May 1962, when they opened The Star Club.[19] Upon their arrival they were informed of Sutcliffe's death from a brain haemorrhage.[30] Epstein took over as the group's manager in January 1962 and led The Beatles' quest for a British recording contract. Epstein had been manager of the record department at North End Music Store (NEMS), an offshoot of his family's furniture store. He played on the status of NEMS as a major record dealer to gain access to producers and recording company executives. In a now-famous exchange, Decca Records A&R executive Dick Rowe turned Epstein down flat, informing him that "Guitar groups are on the way out, Mr. Epstein."[31] While Epstein was negotiating with Decca, he also approached EMI marketing executive Ron White.[32] White (who was not himself a record producer) in turn contacted EMI producers Norrie Paramor, Walter Ridley, and Norman Newell, all of whom declined to record The Beatles.[33] White did not approach EMI's fourth staff producer — George Martin — who was on holiday at the time.[34] Record contract After failing to impress Decca Records, Epstein went to the HMV store on Oxford Street in London to transfer the Decca tapes to discs. There, recording engineer Jim Foy referred him to Sid Coleman, who ran EMI's publishing arm. When Coleman heard the demo tapes he suggested taking the tapes to George Martin, who, Coleman explained, "does comedy records" and headed the Parlophone label at EMI. Epstein eventually met with Martin, who signed the group to EMI on a one-year renewable contract and scheduled their first recording session on 6 June at EMI's Abbey Road studios in north London.[35] Martin had not been particularly impressed by the band's demo recordings,[36] but he instantly liked them as people when he met them. He concluded that they had raw musical talent, but said (in later interviews) that what made the difference for him was their wit and humour.[37] Martin did have a problem with Pete Best, [36] whom he criticised for not being able to keep time. He privately suggested to Epstein that the band use another drummer in the studio. Best was good-looking and popular with the group's fans, but the three founding members had become increasingly unhappy with his drumming and his personality.[citation needed] There was speculation by some that Best's popularity[38] with fans was another source of friction. In addition, Epstein had become exasperated with his refusal to adopt the distinctive hairstyle as part of their unified look. Best also had missed a number of engagements because of illness. The three founding members enlisted Epstein to dismiss Best - which he did on 16 August 1962.[39] They asked Ringo Starr (born Richard Starkey), the drummer for one of the top Merseybeat groups, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes, to join the band, as Starr had performed occasionally with The Beatles in Hamburg.[40] The first recordings of Lennon, McCartney, Harrison, and Starr together were made as early as 15 October 1960, in a series of demonstration records privately recorded in Hamburg while acting as the backing group for singer Lu Walters.[41] Starr played on The Beatles' second EMI recording session on 4 September 1962, but Martin hired session drummer Andy White for their next session on 11 September.[42] Their recording contract paid them one penny for each single sold, which was split amongst the four Beatles — one farthing per group member.[43] This royalty rate was further reduced for singles sold outside the UK, on which they received half of one penny (again split between the whole band) per single. Martin said later that it was a "pretty awful" contract.[43] Their publishing contract with Dick James Music (DJM) was also standard for the time: songwriters received the statutory minimum of 50% of the gross monies received, with the publisher retaining the other 50%.[citation needed] The Beatles' first EMI session on 6 June did not yield any releasable recordings but the September sessions produced a minor UK hit, "Love Me Do", which peaked on the charts at number 17.[44] ("Love Me Do" reached the top of the U.S. singles chart over 18 months later in May 1964.) On 26 November they recorded their second single "Please Please Me", which reached no. 2 in the official UK charts and no. 1 in the NME chart. Three months later they recorded their first album (also titled Please Please Me). The band's first televised performance was on the People and Places programme transmitted live from Manchester by Granada Television on 17 October 1962.[45] As The Beatles' fame spread, the frenzied adulation of the group, predominantly from teenage female fans, was dubbed 'Beatlemania'. In November 1963 The Beatles appeared on the Royal Variety Performance and were photographed with Marlene Dietrich, who also appeared on the show.[citation needed] America Although the band experienced huge popularity in the UK record charts from early 1963, EMI's American operation, Capitol Records, declined to issue the singles "Please Please Me" and "From Me to You (their first official no. 1 hit in the UK)".[46] Vee-Jay Records, a small Chicago label, issued the singles as part of a deal for the rights to another performer's masters. Art Roberts, music director of Chicago powerhouse radio station WLS, placed "Please Please Me" into radio rotation in late February 1963 making it the first time a Beatles record was heard on American radio. Vee-Jay's rights to The Beatles were later cancelled for non-payment of royalties.[47] In August 1963, Philadelphia-based Swan Records released "She Loves You", which also failed to receive airplay. A testing of the song on Dick Clark's TV show American Bandstand produced laughter from American teenagers when they saw the group's distinctive hairstyles. New York disc jockey Murray the K featured "She Loves You" on his '1010 WINS record revue' show in January.[48] In early November 1963, Brian Epstein persuaded Ed Sullivan to present The Beatles on three editions of his show in February, and parlayed this guaranteed exposure into a record deal with Capitol Records. Capitol committed to a mid-January release for "I Want to Hold Your Hand",[49] On 7 December 1963 a clip of The Beatles was shown on the CBS Evening News (the story originally had been scheduled to air on 22 November and was aired on the CBS Morning News but was pre-empted by the assassination of John F. Kennedy). The clip inspired a teenage girl in Washington, D.C. to request a Beatles song on a local radio station. The station secured an imported copy of "I Want to Hold Your Hand" — forcing Capitol Records to release the song ahead of schedule on 26 December. Several New York radio stations — first WMCA, then WINS (AM) and WABC — began playing "I Want to Hold Your Hand" on its release day. The Beatlemania that had started in Washington was duplicated in New York and quickly spread to other markets. The record sold one million copies in just ten days, and by 16 January, Cashbox magazine had certified the record number one (in the edition marked 23 January). On 3 January 1964 a film of The Beatles performing "She Loves You" was aired on the late-night Jack Paar Show. Beatlemania crosses the Atlantic On 7 February 1964, a crowd of four thousand fans at Heathrow Airport waved to The Beatles as they took off for their first trip to America as a group.[51] They were accompanied by photographers, journalists (including Maureen Cleave) and Phil Spector, who had booked himself on the same flight.[52] The pilot had radioed ahead, and as they prepared to land said, "Tell the boys there's a big crowd waiting for them." Kennedy International Airport had never experienced such a crowd, estimated at about 3,000 screaming fans.[53] After a press conference (where they first met Murray the K) they were put into limousines and driven to New York. On the way McCartney turned on a radio and listened to a running commentary: "They [The Beatles] have just left the airport and are coming to New York City..."[54] After reaching the Plaza Hotel, they were besieged by fans and reporters. Harrison had a temperature of 102 the next day and was ordered to stay in bed, so Neil Aspinall replaced him for the first television rehearsal.[55] Their first live American television appearance was on the The Ed Sullivan Show on 9 February 1964. The next morning practically every newspaper wrote that The Beatles were nothing more than a "fad", and "could not carry a tune across the Atlantic".[56] Their first American concert appearance was at Washington Coliseum in Washington, D.C. on 11 February.[57] After The Beatles' huge success in 1964, Vee-Jay Records and Swan Records took advantage of their previously secured rights to The Beatles' early recordings and reissued the songs, all of which reached the top ten the second time around. (MGM and Atco also secured rights to The Beatles' early Tony Sheridan-era recordings and had minor hits with "My Bonnie" and "Ain't She Sweet", the latter featuring John Lennon on lead vocal.) In addition to Introducing... The Beatles, which was essentially The Beatles' debut British album with some minor alterations, Vee-Jay also issued an unusual LP called The Beatles Vs The Four Seasons. This 2-LP set paired Introducing... The Beatles and The Golden Hits Of The Four Seasons, another successful act that Vee-Jay had under contract, in a 'contest' (the back cover featured a 'score card'). Another unusual release was the Hear The Beatles Tell All album, which consisted of two lengthy interviews with Los Angeles radio disc jockeys (side one was titled "Dave Hull interviews John Lennon," while side two was titled "Jim Steck interviews John, Paul, George, Ringo"). No Beatles music was included on this interview album, which turned out to be the only Vee Jay Beatles album Capitol Records could not reclaim. The Vee-Jay/Swan-issued recordings eventually ended up with Capitol, who issued most of the Vee-Jay material on the American-only Capitol release The Early Beatles, with three songs left off this final US version of the album. ("I Saw Her Standing There" was issued as the American B-side of "I Want to Hold Your Hand," and also appeared on the Capitol Records album Meet The Beatles. "Misery" and "There's a Place" were issued as a Capitol "Starline" reissue single in 1964, and reappeared on the 1980 Rarities compilation album.) The early Vee-Jay and Swan Beatles records command a high price on the record collectors' market, and all have been copiously bootlegged.[58] The Swan tracks ("She Loves You" and "I'll Get You") were issued on the Capitol LP The Beatles' Second Album. (Swan also issued the German-language version of "She Loves You," called "Sie Liebt Dich." This song later appeared (in stereo) on Capitol's US version of the Rarities compilation album.) In mid-1964 the band undertook their first appearances outside of Europe and North America. They toured Australia and New Zealand without Ringo Starr, who was ill and temporarily replaced by session drummer Jimmy Nicol. In Adelaide they were greeted by over 300,000 people who turned out at Adelaide Town Hall.[59] In June 1965, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II appointed the four Beatles Members of the Order of the British Empire, MBE. The band members were nominated by Prime Minister Harold Wilson (who also was the M.P. for Huyton, Liverpool).[60] The appointment — at that time primarily bestowed upon military veterans and civic leaders — sparked some conservative MBE recipients to return their insignia in protest.[61] The first two were returned on 14 June, before The Beatles received theirs on 26 October 1965.[62] On 15 August that year, The Beatles performed the first stadium concert in the history of rock, playing at Shea Stadium in New York to a crowd of 55,600.[63] Their sixth album, Rubber Soul, was released in early December 1965. It was hailed as a major leap forward in the maturity and complexity of the band's music.[64] Backlash and controversy In July 1966, when The Beatles toured the Philippines, they unintentionally snubbed the nation's first lady, Imelda Marcos, who had expected the group to attend a breakfast reception at the Presidential Palace.[65] When presented with the invitation, Brian Epstein politely declined on behalf of the group, as it had never been the group's policy to accept such "official" invitations.[66] The group soon found that the Marcos regime was unaccustomed to accepting "no" for an answer. After the 'snub' was broadcast on Philippine television and radio, all of The Beatles' police protection disappeared. The group and their entourage had to make their way to Manila airport on their own. At the airport, roadie Mal Evans was beaten and kicked, and the band members were pushed and jostled about by a hostile crowd.[67] Once the group boarded the plane, Epstein and Evans were ordered off, and Evans said, "Tell my wife that I love her."[68] Epstein was forced to give back all the money that the band had earned while they were there before being allowed back on the plane.[69] Almost as soon as they returned from the Philippines, an earlier comment by Lennon made in March that year launched a backlash against The Beatles from religious and social conservatives in the United States. In an interview with British reporter Maureen Cleave,[70] Lennon had offered his opinion that Christianity was dying and that The Beatles were "more popular than Jesus now."[71] Afterwards, a radio station in Birmingham, Alabama, ran a story on burning Beatles records, in what was considered to be a joke. However, many people affiliated with rural churches in the American South started taking the suggestion seriously. Towns across the United States and South Africa started to burn Beatles records in protest. Attempting to make light of the incident, McCartney said, "They've got to buy them before they can burn them." Under tremendous pressure from the American media, Lennon apologised for his remarks at a press conference in Chicago on August 11, the eve of the first performance of what turned out to be their final tour.[72] The group's two-year series of Capitol compilations also took a strange twist in the United States when one of their publicity shots, used for a Yesterday and Today album and a poster promoting the UK release of "Paperback Writer", created an uproar, as it featured the band draped in meat and plastic dolls. Thousands of these copies had to be withdrawn. Years later, the cover shot was linked with the group's interest in German expressionism.[72] Elvis Presley disapproved of The Beatles's anti-war activism and open use of drugs, later asking President Nixon to ban all four members of the group from entering the United States. Peter Guralnick writes, "The Beatles, Elvis said, [...] had been a focal point for anti-Americanism. They had come to this country, made their money, then gone back to England where they fomented anti-American feeling."[73] Guralnick adds, "Presley indicated that he is of the opinion that The Beatles laid the groundwork for many of the problems we are having with young people by their filthy unkempt appearances and suggestive music while entertaining in this country during the early and middle 1960s."[74] Despite Elvis' remarks, Lennon still had some positive feeling towards him: "Before Elvis, there was nothing."[75] The studio years The Beatles at their last concert, Candlestick Park.In April 1966, the group began recording what would be their most ambitious album to date, Revolver. During the recording sessions for the album, tape looping and early sampling were introduced in a complex mix of ballad, R&B, soul and world music. The Beatles performed their last concert before paying fans at Candlestick Park in San Francisco on 29 August 1966.[72] McCartney asked Tony Barrow to tape the event, but the 30-minute tape he used ran out halfway through the last song. The concert lasted a little under 35 minutes.[76] From then on, The Beatles concentrated on recording. Less than seven months after recording Revolver, The Beatles returned to Abbey Road Studios on 24 November 1966 to begin the 129-day recording sessions for their eighth album, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, released on 1 June 1967. On 25 June 1967, The Beatles became the first band globally transmitted on television—before an estimated 400 million people worldwide. The band appeared in a segment within the first-ever worldwide TV satellite hook-up, a show titled Our World. The Beatles were transmitted live from Abbey Road Studios, and their new song "All You Need Is Love" was recorded live during the show. The band's business affairs began to unravel after manager Brian Epstein died of an accidental prescription drug overdose on 27 August 1967 at the age of 32. At the end of 1967, they received their first major negative press in the UK with disparaging reviews of their surrealistic TV film Magical Mystery Tour.[77] Part of the criticism arose because colour was an integral part of the film, but in 1967 few viewers in the UK had colour televisions. The film's soundtrack, which features one of The Beatles' few instrumental tracks ("Flying"), was released in the United Kingdom as a double EP, and in the United States as a full LP (the LP is now the official version). The group spent the early part of 1968 in Rishikesh, Uttar Pradesh, India, studying transcendental meditation with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.[78] Upon their return, Lennon and McCartney went to New York to announce the formation of Apple Corps. The middle of 1968 saw the band busy recording the double album The Beatles, popularly known as The White Album because of its plain white cover. These sessions saw deep divisions opening within the band, with Starr temporarily walking out. The band carried on, with McCartney recording the drums on the songs "Martha My Dear", "Wild Honey Pie", "Dear Prudence" and "Back in the USSR". Among the other causes of dissension were that Lennon's new girlfriend, Yoko Ono, was at his side through almost all of the sessions, and that the others felt that McCartney was becoming too dominating.[79] Internal divisions within the band had been a small but growing problem during their early years; most notably, this was reflected in the difficulty that George Harrison experienced in getting his own songs onto Beatles albums. On the business side, McCartney wanted Lee Eastman, the father of his then-girlfriend Linda Eastman, to manage The Beatles, but the other members wanted New York manager Allen Klein. All past Beatles' decisions had been unanimous, but this time the four could not agree. Lennon, Harrison and Starr felt the Eastmans would put McCartney's interests before those of the group. In 1971 it was discovered that Klein, who had been appointed manager, had stolen £5 million from The Beatles' holdings. Years later, during the Anthology interviews, McCartney said of this time, "Looking back, I can understand why they would feel that he [Lee Eastman] was biased against them." Their final live performance was on the rooftop of the Apple building in Savile Row, London, on 30 January 1969, the next-to-last day of the difficult Get Back sessions. Most of the performance was filmed and later included in the film Let It Be. While the band was playing, the local police were called because of complaints about the noise. Although the group was simply asked to end their performance, the band members later remarked in the Anthology video that they were disappointed they were not arrested — pointing out that the police hauling the band members off in handcuffs would have been "an appropriate ending" for the film. The Beatles recorded their final album, Abbey Road, in the summer of 1969. The completion of the song "I Want You (She's So Heavy)" for the album on 20 August was the last time all four Beatles were together in the same studio. Their final new song was Harrison's "I Me Mine", recorded 3 January 1970 and released on the Let It Be album. It was recorded without Lennon, who was in Denmark when the song was recorded.[80] Breakup John Lennon announced his departure to the rest of the group on 20 September 1969 but agreed that no announcement was to be publicly made until a number of legal matters were resolved. In March 1970 the Get Back session tapes were given to American producer Phil Spector, who had produced Lennon's solo single "Instant Karma!". Spector's "Wall of Sound" production values went against the original intent of the record, which had been to record a stripped-down live performance. McCartney was deeply dissatisfied with Spector's treatment of "The Long and Winding Road", and unsuccessfully attempted to halt release of Spector's version of the song. McCartney publicly announced the break-up on 10 April 1970, a week before releasing his first solo album, McCartney. Pre-release copies included a press release with a self-written interview explaining the end of The Beatles and his hopes for the future.[81] On 8 May 1970, the Spector-produced version of Get Back was released as Let It Be, followed by the documentary film of the same name. The Beatles' partnership was finally dissolved in 1975.[82] 1970--present: After The Beatles Ringo Starr, 1968 Shortly before and after the official dissolution of the group, all four Beatles released solo albums, including Lennon's John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band, McCartney's McCartney, Starr's Sentimental Journey, and Harrison's All Things Must Pass. Some of their albums featured contributions by other former Beatles; Starr's Ringo (1973) was the only one to include compositions and performances by all four, albeit on separate songs. Other than an unreleased jam session in 1974 (later bootlegged as A Toot and a Snore in '74), Lennon and McCartney never recorded together again. In the wake of the expiration in 1975 of The Beatles' contract with EMI-Capitol, the American Capitol label, rushing to cash in on its vast Beatles holdings and freed from the group's creative control, released five LPs: Rock 'n' Roll Music (a compilation of their more uptempo numbers), The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl (containing portions of two unreleased shows at the Hollywood Bowl), Love Songs (a compilation of their slower numbers), Rarities (a compilation of tracks that either had never been released in the U.S. or had gone out of print), and Reel Music (a compilation of songs from their films). There was also a non-Capitol-EMI release of a show from the group's early days at the Star Club in Hamburg captured on a poor-quality tape. Of all these post-breakup LPs, only the Hollywood Bowl LP had the approval of the group members. Upon the American release of the original British CDs in 1986, these post-breakup Capitol American compilation LPs were deleted from the Capitol catalogue. John Lennon was shot and killed by Mark David Chapman on 8 December 1980 in New York City. Shortly afterward, in 1981, the three surviving Beatles reunited to record "All Those Years Ago", released as a George Harrison solo single. Its original lyrics had been rewritten as a tribute to Lennon. The BBC has a large collection of Beatles recordings, mostly comprising original studio sessions from 1963 to 1968. Much of this material formed the basis for a 1988 radio documentary series The Beeb's Lost Beatles Tapes. In 1989, many outtakes from The Beatles sessions appeared on the radio series The Lost Lennon Tapes. Later, in 1994, the best of the BBC sessions were given an official EMI release on Live at the BBC. In 1988 The Beatles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a group (not as individual performers) during their first year of eligibility.[83] On the night of their induction, Harrison and Starr appeared to accept their award along with Lennon's widow Yoko Ono and his two sons. McCartney stayed away, issuing a press release citing "unresolved difficulties" with Harrison, Starr, and Lennon's estate. Solo Beatles later inducted were Lennon in 1994, McCartney in 1999 and Harrison in 2004. Collage of the various covers of the Anthology seriesIn February 1994, the three surviving Beatles reunited to produce and record additional music for a few of Lennon's home recordings. "Free as a Bird" premiered as part of The Beatles Anthology series of television documentaries and was released as a single in December 1995, with "Real Love" following in March 1996. These songs were also included in the three Anthology collections of CDs released in 1995 and 1996, each of which consisted of two CDs of never-before-released Beatles material. Klaus Voormann, who had known The Beatles since their Hamburg days and had previously illustrated the Revolver album cover, directed the Anthology cover concept. 450,000 copies of Anthology 1 were sold on its first day of release. In 2000, a compilation album named 1 was released, containing almost every number-one single released by the band from 1962 to 1970. The collection sold 3.6 million copies in its first week (selling 3 copies a second) and more than 12 million in three weeks worldwide. The collection also reached number one in the United States and 33 other countries and had sold 25 million copies by 2005 (about the ninth best selling album of all time). George Harrison during this time showed his socio-political consciousness and earned respect for his contribution for arranging the Concert For Bangladesh in New York in August 1971 along with sitar maestro Ravi Shankar. Harrison died of lung cancer on 29 November 2001. More recently, in 2006, George Martin and his son Giles Martin remixed original Beatles recordings to create a soundtrack to accompany Cirque du Soleil's theatrical production Love. Musical evolution The Beatles' constant demands to create new sounds on every new recording, combined with George Martin's arranging abilities and the studio expertise of EMI staff engineers such as Norman Smith, Ken Townshend and Geoff Emerick, all played significant parts in the innovative sounds of the albums Rubber Soul (1965), Revolver (1966) and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967). The Beatles continued to absorb influences long after their initial success, often finding new musical and lyrical avenues by listening to their contemporaries. Among those influences were Bob Dylan, who influenced songs such as "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away" and "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)".[84] Other contemporary influences included the Byrds and the Beach Boys, whose album Pet Sounds was a favourite of McCartney's.[85] Along with studio tricks such as sound effects, unconventional microphone placements, tape loops, double tracking and vari-speed recording, The Beatles began to augment their recordings with instruments that were unconventional for rock music at the time. These included string and brass ensembles as well as Indian instruments such as the sitar as in Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown) and the swarmandel as in Strawberry Fields Forever. They also used early electronic instruments such as the Mellotron, with which McCartney supplied the flute voices on the intro to "Strawberry Fields Forever", and the ondioline, an electronic keyboard that created the unusual oboe-like sound on "Baby You're a Rich Man". Beginning with the use of a string quartet (arranged by George Martin with input from McCartney) on "Yesterday" in 1965, The Beatles pioneered a modern form of art song, exemplified by the double-quartet string arrangement on "Eleanor Rigby" (1966), "Here, There and Everywhere" (1966) and "She's Leaving Home" (1967). A televised performance of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 directly inspired McCartney's use of a piccolo trumpet on the arrangement of "Penny Lane". The Beatles moved towards psychedelia with "Rain" and "Tomorrow Never Knows" from 1966, and "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "I Am the Walrus" from 1967. Influence on popular culture Lifestyle The Beatles' lifestyles were greatly altered by their success and the income they earned. The availability of the first oral contraceptive and illegal drugs changed many people's opinions — including The Beatles' — about life, marriage, and sexual relationships.[86] Recreational drug use In Hamburg, The Beatles used "prellies" (Preludin) both recreationally and to maintain their energy through all-night performances.[87] McCartney would usually take one, but Lennon would often take four or five.[87] Bob Dylan introduced them to cannabis during a 1964 visit to New York.[88] McCartney remembered them all getting "very high" and giggling.[89] The Beatles occasionally smoked a spliff in the car on the way to the studio during the filming of Help!, which often made them forget their lines.[90] In April 1965, Lennon and Harrison were introduced to LSD by an acquaintance, dentist John Riley.[91] Lennon in particular became an avid "tripper", claiming in a 1970 interview in Rolling Stone to have taken LSD hundreds of times. McCartney was more reluctant to try the drug, but finally did so in 1966 and was the first Beatle to talk about it in the press. The Beatles added their names to an advertisement in The Times, on 24 July 1967, which asked for the legalisation of cannabis, the release of all prisoners imprisoned because of possession, and research into marijuana's medical uses. The advertisement was sponsored by a group called Soma, and was signed by 65 people, including Brian Epstein, Graham Greene, R.D. Laing, 15 doctors, and two MPs.[92] On a sailing trip to Greece, in 1967, the whole band sat around on the boat and took acid.[93] Meditation On 24 August 1967, The Beatles met the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi at the London Hilton, and a few days later went to Bangor, in North Wales, to attend a weekend 'initiation' conference.[94] There, the Maharishi gave each of them a mantra.[95] Their time in early 1968 at the Maharishi's ashram in India was highly productive from a musical standpoint, as practically all of the songs that would later be recorded for The White Album and Abbey Road were composed there by Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison.[78] Discography Further information: List of Beatles songs by singer, The Beatles record sales, worldwide charts, The Beatles bootlegs, and List of Beatles hit singles Official CD catalogue In 1987, EMI released all 12 of The Beatles' studio albums — as originally released in the UK — on CD worldwide. (North American releases were on EMI's American subsidiary Capitol Records). It was a considered decision by Apple Corps to standardise The Beatles catalogue throughout the world. Because there were tracks that had been released in the UK on singles and EPs that had not been released on the original UK albums, in order for all their recordings to be available on CD it was necessary to create three further CDs that would contain the missing tracks. One CD was of a 1967 US compilation album that featured the 6-track 1967 UK EP Magical Mystery Tour and the various singles released in that year. The other two CDs were new compilations that gathered together all the other singles, EP tracks and recordings from 1962--1970 that had not been issued on the original British studio albums. Magical Mystery Tour - 8 August 1987[96] Past Masters, Volume One - 7 March 1988 Past Masters, Volume Two - 7 March 1988 According to EMI and the Guinness Book of Records, The Beatles have sold in excess of one billion units (1,010,000,000, including cassettes, records, CDs and bootlegs). Beginning in 2004, the US album configurations were released as a series of box sets from Capitol Records (The Capitol Albums, Volume 1 & Volume 2); these included both stereo and mono versions based on the mixes that were prepared for vinyl at the time of their original 1960s releases. Song catalogue In 1963 Lennon and McCartney agreed to assign their song publishing rights to Northern Songs, a company created by music publisher Dick James. The company was administered by James' own company Dick James Music. Northern Songs went public in 1965, with Lennon and McCartney each holding 15% of the company's shares whilst Dick James and the company's chairman, Charles Silver, held a controlling 37.5%. In 1969, following a failed attempt by Lennon and McCartney to buy the company, James and Silver sold Northern Songs to British TV company Associated TeleVision (ATV), from which Lennon and McCartney received stock. In 1985, after a short period in which the parent company was owned by Australian business magnate Robert Holmes à Court, ATV Music was sold to Michael Jackson for a reported $47 million (trumping a joint bid by McCartney and Yoko Ono), including the publishing rights to over 200 songs composed by Lennon and McCartney. A decade later Jackson and Sony merged its music publishing businesses. Since 1995, Jackson and Sony/ATV Music Publishing have jointly owned most of the Lennon-McCartney songs recorded by The Beatles. Sony later reported that Jackson had used his share of their co-owned Beatles' catalogue as collateral for a loan from the music company. Meanwhile, Lennon's estate and McCartney still receive their respective songwriter shares of the royalties. (Despite his ownership of most of the Lennon-McCartney publishing, Jackson has only recorded one Lennon-McCartney composition himself, "Come Together" which was featured in his film Moonwalker.) Although the Jackson-Sony catalogue includes most of The Beatles' greatest hits, four of their earliest songs had been published by one of EMI's publishing companies prior to Lennon and McCartney signing with Dick James — and McCartney later succeeded in personally acquiring the publishing rights to "Love Me Do", "Please Please Me", "P.S. I Love You" and "Ask Me Why" from EMI. Harrison and Starr did not renew their songwriting contracts with Northern Songs in 1968, signing with Apple Publishing instead. Harrison later created Harrisongs, his own company which still owns the rights to his post-1967 songs such as "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" and "Something". Starr also created his own company, called Startling Music. It holds the rights to his two post-1967 songs recorded by The Beatles, "Don't Pass Me By" and "Octopus's Garden". The future of The Beatles catalogue The Beatles are but a few of the major artists (aside from Led Zeppelin and Garth Brooks) who have not to date allowed their entire recorded catalogue to be available through major online music services (iTunes, Napster, etc.). This may be due to the massive royalty fees demanded by the group. As a result, The Beatles' music (both officially and unofficially released) has been made available through illegal music search engines such as eMule and BearShare, and have apparently raised the ire of the entire music industry. However, sure signs that official online distributions may be coming is the fact that the video for Tomorrow Never Knows/Within You Without You (the remix from their album Love) is currently being distributed (as of June, 2007) via Napster, and many Internet radio networks (such as Pandora Internet Radio and Live365.com) are allowing Beatles songs to be broadcasted over the world wide web. There has been talk of negotiations to make such an official online distribution schedule possible. Officials at Apple Corps have hinted at this, as they have confirmed that the entire Beatles catalog has been digitally remastered for online distribution. On film Main article: The Beatles on film The Beatles appeared in several films, all of which featured associated soundtrack albums. The band played themselves in two films directed by Richard Lester, A Hard Day's Night (1964) and Help! (1965). The group produced and starred in the hour-long television movie Magical Mystery Tour (1967), while the documentary Let It Be (released 1970) followed the recording sessions for the Get Back project in early 1969. In addition, the psychedelic animated film Yellow Submarine (1968) followed the adventures of a cartoon version of the band; the members did not provide their own voices, appearing only in a brief live-action epilogue. Other projects Anthology Main article: The Beatles Anthology Love Main article: Love (Cirque du Soleil) Instrumentation Rickenbacker, Gretsch, Epiphone, Gibson, Fender, and C.F. Martin & Company guitars Höfner, Fender and Rickenbacker basses Vox, Fender, and Selmer amplifiers Premier and Ludwig drums Zildjian cymbals Steinway, and Blüthner pianos Hammond, Vox and Lowrey electric organs Fender Rhodes, Wurlitzer, and Hohner Pianet electric pianos Moog Modular synthesiser Mellotron Polyphonic Keyboard Neumann, AKG, and STC microphones Bill Stoll Stollco video tampa fl (Less)
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