Search results for la mary 1974
5, 
03:19, 
2009-06-12 19:53:33 Description: Straight outta "Perfect Angel", 1974 un gros gros classic de la soul music
Channel: dailymotionTags: minnie riperton lovin you soul black stevie wonder jackie brown oss 117 aretha franklin rafael saadiq finest mary blige motown vh1 train classic
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21, 04:46, 2008-11-26 08:33:53 Description: VICE-PRESIDENT - Food Caterers Association of the Philippines 2008-2009
Towns Delight The Caterer: Fast Facts
Towns Delight was established in 1974 at Tanza, Cavite by Mrs. Cecilia del (More) VICE-PRESIDENT - Food Caterers Association of the Philippines 2008-2009
Towns Delight The Caterer: Fast Facts
Towns Delight was established in 1974 at Tanza, Cavite by Mrs. Cecilia del Rosario-Pacumio, a Home Economics teacher.
It has been a food caterer for 34 years now.
Its president and general manager Mr. Andrew Pacumio is a founding director of the Food Caterers Association of the Philippines. He is the incumbent associations vice president 2008 2009.
The company maintains 50 regular employees and around 300 part-time employees.
Towns Delight have lists of corporate account like Toshiba, HSBC Call Center, Semitec, Academy, Iriso, Dae Duck, Cypress, Luzon Magnetic, American Power Conversion (APC), EPSON, TAIYO Plastic, EMI Yazaki, State land, ACM, Sta. Lucia, SM Supermalls, PLDT, Coca-cola, CEPZA Admin, Scad, Philippine Koshei, Intel and Analog Devices to name a few.
The company owns The Wedding Store, a one-stop wedding shop located at the second level of SM Dasmariñas
Towns Delight also maintains WeddingInTheSky.com, Cavites first wedding website/portal that features essential info about wedding planning, products, and services.
The company likewise owns and operates The Republic of Cavite Restaurant located at Trece Martirez, Cavite. The Republic has function halls and outdoor venues perfect for any occasion.
Other venues owned and operated by Towns Delight are the Gardenia Cecilia Pavilion located in Naic, Cavite (seating capacity
of 500) and Hardin de San Antonio at Tanza, Cavite that can accommodate 250 guests.
For a consultant, Towns Delight has Ma. Sunnel Pacumio, a topnotch chef at Four Seasons Hotel in Ireland. She specialized in Culinary Arts at premier schools abroad.
Also serving as a mentor of Towns Delight is Ma. Peaches Pacumio, a masters degree holder, who is about to finish Hospitality Management at a prestigious university in Canada.
Towns was the official caterer of the Bong-Lani Revilla centennial wedding held on March 25, 1998 at Imus, Cavite. It prepared special Caviteño dishes for the 2000 VIPs of the Revillas.
Town's Delight The Caterer The number 1 (one) Food Service provider in the South. A professional food service company that offers the best solution for your event management and catering requirements. It also provides clients with creatively decorated venues intended to make every occasion memorable and special.
We do catering in almost all places of Philippines, we have been considered as a premier Philippine Caterer and become widely known as Cavite Caterer, Tagaytay Caterer, Alabang Caterer, Batangas Caterer, Laguna Catering, Lipa Batangas Catering, Nasugbu Batangas Catering, Philippine Catering Services, Sta. Rosa Laguna Catering, San Pedro Laguna Catering, Calamba Laguna Catering, Lemery Batangas Catering, Carmona Cavite Catering, Dasmariñas Cavite Catering, Metro Manila Wedding Caterer, Southern Luzon Catering Services, Los Baños Laguna Catering, Baun Batangas Catering, Sta. Rita Batangas Catering, Pasay Catering, Manila Caterer, Paranaque Caterer, Pasay Caterer, Las Pinas Caterer, Muntinlupa Caterer. We are also the accredited caterers of the following venues:
PARAÑAQUE
South Bay Clubhouse, Posadas Village Clubhouse, Mary Help of Christian, Philippine Paradise, Pavilion Club House, Multinational Village, Le Aditorium, Multinational Village, Country Club Poolside, Multinational Village, Alcatrocks, BetterLiving, Bayview international Tower, LAS PIÑAS CITY
Philam Village Clubhouse, Bamboo Organ, Eco Trend, TAGAYTAY, BATANGAS
Sotogrande Clubhouse, Villa de Oro (Silang) , Tagaytay Country Hotel, Pacific Heights, Tagaytay Royale, Veritas Hall (Calleruega), LAGUNA
Stone Crest Clubhouse, Las Villas de Manila (South Wood Exit), Ayala Greenfield Estates (Calamba), La Residencia Clubhouse (Sta.Rosa), Sta. Rosa Bel Air Clubhouse (Sta.Rosa), Ayala West Groove Clubhouse (Sta.Rosa), La Maria Clubhouse , ALABANG, Alabang Hills, Aspen Tower, Alabang New Life Christian Center, St. James Courtyard, St. Jerome , Hillsborough Village , Sta Rosa, Laguna, La Residencia Clubhouse , Sta. Rosa Bel Air Clubhouse, Ayala West Groove Clubhouse, La Joya Clubhouse, Calamba Laguna,Ayala Greenfield Estates, Biñan, Laguna, Villa Juana Resort, Los Baños, Laguna, National Art Center, Blue Palm ,Batangas City, Batangan Plaza, Basilica Pastoral Center , Greenwoods Clubhouse, Batangas Cerenity Club , Mega Heights Clubhouse, Batangas Quadrangle, University of Batangas Gymnasium, Lyceum of Batangas Gymnasium, St. Bridget's Gymnasium, Victoria Farm, Lipa City, El Grande Residencia, La Finca Clubhouse (near Club Malarayat) , CAP Bldg., El Madero, Lipa Royale Clubhouse, Shercon Resort (Mataas na Kahoy) , Fernando Airbase Golf Club (Less)
Channel: youtubeTags: and associatio9n association beach beverage business caterers catering culinary destination dining drink evet fashion food garden gourmet hotel nature of philippines resort restaurant the travel venue wedding
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1324, 02:26, 2008-04-17 15:09:51 Description: Jo Raquel Tejada (born September 5, 1940), best known by her stage name Raquel Welch, is an American actress who reached fame during the 1960s. Early life Welch was born in Chicago, Illinois, (More) Jo Raquel Tejada (born September 5, 1940), best known by her stage name Raquel Welch, is an American actress who reached fame during the 1960s. Early life Welch was born in Chicago, Illinois, the oldest of three children born to Armando Carlos Tejada Urquizo and Josephine Sarah Hall. Her father, who immigrated from La Paz, Bolivia, was an aerospace engineer of Spanish-Castilian descent; her mother was an Irish-American.[1] In 1942, Armando Tejada was transferred to San Diego, California. The family moved to the suburb of La Jolla, where Welch grew up. She took dancing lessons as a child, and was winning beauty pageants by the time she was a teenager. Among her titles were "Miss Photogenic," "Miss La Jolla," "Miss Contour," and "Miss San Diego." In 1957, she was named "Miss Fairest of the Fair" at the San Diego County Fair. After attending La Jolla High School, she entered San Diego State College on a theater arts scholarship. The following year she married a high school sweetheart, James Welch. [edit] Career In 1959, Welch played the title role in the famous Ramona Pageant, a yearly outdoor play at Hemet, California, which is based on the novel Ramona by Helen Hunt Jackson. Raquel Welch as Loana in One Million Years B.C. (1966) She became a weather forecaster at KFMB, a local San Diego television station. Because of her heavy schedule, she decided to leave college. Her marriage broke up and she moved with her two children to Dallas, Texas, where she modeled for Neiman Marcus and worked as a cocktail hostess, intending to move on to New York City from there. Instead, Welch moved back to California. She found a place in Los Angeles and started making the rounds of the movie studios. She was cast in bit parts in two films and in the television shows Bewitched, McHale's Navy, The Hollywood Palace, and The Virginian. She auditioned for the part of "Mary Ann" on Gilligan's Island but lost out to Dawn Wells.[citation needed] Welch's first featured role was in A Swingin' Summer, which led to a contract with 20th Century Fox. She was then cast in the Sci-fi hit Fantastic Voyage (1966), which finally made her a star. On loan out to Hammer Studios in Britain, Welch starred in the remake of One Million Years B.C.. After her appearance as Lust incarnate in the hit Bedazzled, she returned to the United States and appeared in a Western with James Stewart and Dean Martin titled Bandolero!, which was followed by Lady in Cement with Frank Sinatra. Myra Breckinridge (1970) Welch's first real starring role was in Myra Breckinridge with Mae West. She took the role as the film's transsexual heroine in an attempt to be taken seriously as an actress, but the movie turned out to be a dismal failure. Welch became one of the leading sex symbols of the 1960s and 1970s. Her most memorable publicity still, where she was clad in a furry animal-skin bikini for One Million Years B.C., became a bestselling poster. Playboy called her the "Most Desired Woman" of the 1970s. Ironically, despite her iconic sex symbol status, having acted in numerous films and been subject of countless magazine layouts, including Playboy, Welch has never appeared or posed nude. Welch was due to star in the 1982 adaptation of Cannery Row, but was fired by the producers only a few days into production (allegedly, she was taking too long to get ready each day). She was replaced with Debra Winger. Welch successfully sued, collecting a multi-million dollar award, but this effectively ended her film acting career until the mid-1990s. Her television appearances include the series The Hollywood Palace, the made for TV movies The Legend of Walks Far Woman and Right to Die, in which she turned in a stirring performance as a woman with Lou Gehrig's disease, and in the PBS series American Family, about a Mexican American family in East Los Angeles. She has also appeared in the night time soap opera Central Park West and made infomercials and exercise videos. While she never appeared on the show, her name was frequently used as an all-purpose answer on the game show Match Game. In 1987, she flirted with a pop singing career, releasing the dance single This Girl's Back In Town. She has also performed in a nightclub act in Las Vegas and has starred on Broadway in Woman of the Year and in Victor/Victoria, replacing Julie Andrews. In a 1997 episode of the comedy series Seinfeld entitled "The Summer of George" Welch played a highly temperamental version of herself, assaulting series stars Kramer and Elaine, the former because he fired her from an acting job and the latter because Welch mistakenly thought that Elaine was mocking her. On July 18, 2007 Liz Smith reported that Welch has been invited to play Eva Longoria's sexy aunt on Desperate Housewives.[2] [edit] Beauty business career "The Raquel Welch Total Beauty and Fitness Program" was published in 1984. The book, written by Welch herself includes a Hatha Yoga fitness program, her views on healthy living/nutrition, as well as beauty and personal style. As a businesswoman Welch has experienced great success with her signature line of wigs. She also began a jewelry and skincare line although neither of those ventures compared to the success of her wig collection. In January 2007 she was revealed as the newest face of MAC Cosmetics Beauty Icon series. Her line features several limited edition makeup shades in glossy black and tiger print packaging. [edit] Latin American status Her professional name, Raquel Welch, served as protection against discrimination in Hollywood.[citation needed] Many other stars did the same in times prior to the 1990s. The names included people like Rita Hayworth. With the recent attention and acceptance by the American public of people of Latin descent, she has been coming out and reminding people of her Hispanic heritage.[citation needed] On July 18, 2007 Liz Smith reported that Welch is proud of her Bolivian roots.[2] [edit] Personal life She has been married to James Welch (1959-1962), publicist and agent; Patrick Curtis (1967-1972), director/producer Andre Weinfeld (1980-1990); and Richard Palmer (1999). She is the mother of Damon Welch (b.November 6,1959) and actress Tahnee Welch (b.December 26,1961). She is a fan of Chelsea FC, or was "in the '70s".[3] During the 70s, she attempted to date shock rocker Alice Cooper. He attempted to avoid her since he was dating a dancer that would become his wife [edit] Achievements and awards In 1974, Raquel Welch won a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Actress in a Musical or Comedy for The Three Musketeers. She was also nominated for a Golden Globe for her performance in the TV drama Right to Die (1987). She was also the recipient of the Golden Turkey Award for worst actress. She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7021 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood. [edit] Trivia Trivia sections are discouraged under Wikipedia guidelines. The article could be improved by integrating relevant items and removing inappropriate ones. Raquel Welch is a relative of the only female president of Bolivia, Lydia Gueiler Tejada. Raquel Welch's son, Damon Welch, married Rebecca Trueman, the daughter of cricketing legend Fred Trueman, a union of the acting and sporting worlds but the marriage was short-lived. Raquel Welch arrived at the wedding after the bride, completely upstaging her. She claimed at the time that her lateness was because she had been giving an interview and lost track of the time, but later she admitted that she had done it on purpose, knowing that the press would write about her, so she planned to give them something to write about. When the couple announced they were splitting up in Hello!, they emphatically denied that the split was anything to do with Welch. Raquel Welch's daughter, Tahnee Welch followed her mother's December 1979 example and appeared on the cover of Playboy, the November 1995 issue. Raquel's publicity poster for the movie One Million Years B.C. played an integral role in the film The Shawshank Redemption, by serving to hide the tunnel Andy Dufresne was digging to escape from Shawshank (Less)
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146, 04:03, 2008-04-17 15:09:51 Description: TOGETHER AGAIN Together again my tears have stopped falling The long lonely nights are now at an end The key to my heart you hold in your hand But nothing else matters cause we're (More) TOGETHER AGAIN Together again my tears have stopped falling The long lonely nights are now at an end The key to my heart you hold in your hand But nothing else matters cause we're together again Together again the grey skies are gone You're back in my arms right where you belong The love that we knew is living again And nothing else matters cause we're together again Together again my tears have stopped falling The long lonely nights are now at an end The love that we knew is living again And nothing else matters now we're together again No nothing else matters now we're together again Written by : Buck Owens From the album : Elite Hotel Label : Warner Bros Records 7599 27246-2 (1975) The Hot Band from left to right: John Ware, Glen D. Hardin, Albert Lee, Hank Devito, Emmylou, Emory Gordy, Jr., Rodney Crowell Popular myth has it that Emmylou was discovered by Gram Parsons and rushed off to LA & stardom. The reality is a little different and interviews with Emmylou and others suggest the following. Chris Hillman credits Rick Roberts with telling him to go and see Emmylou. Chris met Emmylou and he later invited her to join the Flying Burrito Brothers. However, the Burritos broke up shortly afterwards and Emmylou continued to play clubs in and around Washington DC. In September 1971 Chris Hillman persuaded a reluctant Gram Parsons to see Emmylou play at a club called Clydes where she had a gig for 3 nights a week. They worked up and performed two songs; I Fall To Pieces & Thats All It Took. Gram Parsons, by now converted, then left Emmylou with promises of some recording work on his forthcoming album. Their meeting was followed by a gap of about a year. During that time Emmylou carried on playing in bars and getting the occasional phone from Gram to say that the recording would happen any time now. Finally, Gram sent Emmylou an airline ticket and invited her to sing on GP. The album was released in January 1973 and Emmylou spent $500 made from GP on a brand new D28 guitar and joined the tour band, The Fallen Angels, formed to promote the album. In Summer 1973 Gram recorded Grievous Angel but, unfortunately he died in September of that year. Emmylou returned to Washington and fronted her own band, The Angel Band, playing as many as four sets a night with a repertoire of over 40 songs. In 1974, Mary Martin at Warners arranged for Emmylou to meet producer Brian Ahern. Warners agreed to sign her on condition that Ahern produced the album and Emmylou signed with Warners in October 1974. Her first Warners album Pieces Of The Sky was recorded with a mixture of The Angel Band and many of the musicians from the Gram Parsons albums. Warners then told her to "get a hot band", which she did by persuading James Burton, Glen Hardin, John Ware, Rodney Crowell, Hank de Vito and Emory Gordy to form The Hot Band. In Spring 1975 the newly formed band rehearsed in LA without James Burton or Glen Hardin, who both had commitments with Elvis. The missing Hot Band members drove up overnight after the Elvis show finished and had just one rehearsal with the full line-up. The band then took one night off for a birthday party for Emmylou in a Mexican restaurant. They then played three nights at the Boarding House, San Francisco in with their first appearance as Emmylou Harris and The Hot Band taking place on April 3rd, 1975. The rest, as they say, is history. James Burtons stint as lead guitarist came to an end when Albert Lee joined the band. Albert Lee saw Emmylou at a club called the Laguna Bowl in early 1976 and Emmylou planned to ask him to join the Band when James Burton left. This plan was accelerated when James Burton fell ill with flu and Albert Lee first played with The Hot Band at The Branding Iron in San Bernadino in February 1976. Frank Reckard replaced Albert Lee two years later and stand-ins over the years for 1-off gigs have included Bob Warford, Jay Lacey and Vince Gill. All of the Hot Bands line-ups were outstanding in their own way. Phil Kaufman has said of Gram Parsons "He told her always to pay for the best and she'd play with the best." Warners fronted the money for The Hot Band but the venture is said to have put Emmylou $125,000 in debt. Few fans would dispute that it was money well spent. There are recordings around of all the various line-ups but even the roughest recordings of the Hot Band show that they were in a league of their own and set a benchmark for all Country groups. The recent Goldmine article differs slightly but not drastically. After all these years who is to say which is correct? Most of my info was taken from interviews with Emmylou & various Hot Band Members in 1975/6 in the UK magazine Omaha Rainbow Chris Baker UAM Ltd Phone +44 1705 870181 Fax +44 1705 870229 from left: Barry Tashian, John Ware, Steve Fishell, Wayne Goodwin, Don Johnson, Frank Reckard, Mike Bowden, EmmylouThe Hot Band Harris met Canadian producer Brian Ahem, who produced her major label debut album, Pieces of the Sky, released in 1975 on Reprise Records. The album included a number of cover songs, including The Beatles' "For No One" and Harris's first hit single, The Living Brothers' "If I Could Only Win Your Love". In 1977 Harris married Ahem and had another daughter, Meghann, in 1979. Harris and Ahem divorced in 1984. Executives of Warner Bros Records (Reprise Records' parent company) told Harris they would agree to record her if she would "get a hot band". Harris did so, enlisting guitarist James Burton and pianist Glen Hardin, both of whom had played with Elvis Presley as well as Parsons. Hardin had also been a member of Buddy Holly's band The Crickets. Other members were drummer John Ware, singer-songwriter Rodney Crowell on guitar, pedal steel guitarist Hank DeVito, and bassist Emory Gordy Jr with whom Harris had worked while performing with Parsons.[1] Later, bluegrass multi-instrumentalist and singer Ricky Skaggs became a member, as did English guitarist Albert Lee who replaced James Burton. Vince Gill was featured as well. Harris' subsequent Elite Hotel (1975), Luxury Liner (1977), and Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town (1978) were all successful country albums but also had appeal for rock listeners. Country music was experiencing crossover success at the time, and the approach of many country artists was to try to marry their music with smooth, L.A.-style pop, but Harris had more of a rock and roll sensibility and so aimed her music more in that direction. But Harris still embraced country. Her Grammy Award-winning 1979 gold-certified album Blue Kentucky Girl featured straight Loretta Lynn/Kitty Wells-style country and included Harris' #1 smash "Beneath Still Waters", while 1980's Roses in the Snow was another gold-certified collection of bluegrass and country material, featuring Ricky Scags, Tony Rice, Johnny Cash, and Jerry Douglas. [admirer collaborationist] In addition to her own solo work during this period, Harris began a number of ongoing collaborative relationships with other artists, many of which she would revisit throughout the course of her career. A Christmas album, Light of the Stable, was released in 1979; its title track featured backing vocals by Dolly Patton, Linda Ronstadt and Neil Young, all three of whom Harris had been working with sporadically since the mid-1970s. She later recorded two albums, Trio and Trio II, with Patton and Ronstadt (as well as a number of singles), a duet album with Ronstadt, and a number of various projects with Young. In addition, her vocals were prominently featured on Bob Dylan's 1975 Desire album. She also worked with The Band during this period, appearing in their film The Last Waltz. In 1980, Harris recorded "That LVN' You Feline' Again" with Roy Orbison. The duet was a Top 10 hit on both the Country and Adult Contemporary charts. They would win the Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance (Less)
Channel: 123videoTags: opnieuw samen EMMYLOU HARRIS: THE HOT BAND: TOGETHER AGAIN (1977: samen opnieuw: FOR POWERGIRL)
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1030, 02:36, 2008-04-17 15:09:52 Description: The Temptations (often abbreviated as "The Tempts" or "The Temps") are an American Motown singing group whose repertoire has included doo-wop, soul, psychedelia, funk, disco, (More) The Temptations (often abbreviated as "The Tempts" or "The Temps") are an American Motown singing group whose repertoire has included doo-wop, soul, psychedelia, funk, disco, R&B, and adult contemporary. Formed in Detroit, Michigan in 1960 as The Elgins, the Temptations have always featured five African American male vocalists/dancers. The group, known for its recognizable choreography, distinct harmonies, and onstage suits, has been said to be as influential to soul as the Beatles are to rock.[1] Having sold an estimated 22 million albums by 1982,[2] The Temptations are one of the most successful groups in music history[3] and were the definitive male vocal group of the 1960s.[4] In addition, they have the second-longest tenure on Motown (behind Stevie Wonder), as they were with the label for a total of 40 years: 16 years from 1961 to 1977, and 24 more from 1980 to 2004 (from 1977 to 1980, they were signed to Atlantic Records). As of 2007, the Temptations continue to perform and record for Universal Records with only one original member, founder Otis Williams, in its lineup. The original group included members of two local Detroit vocal groups: The Distants, which featured second tenor/baritone Otis Williams, first tenor Elbridge "Al" Bryant and bass Melvin Franklin; and first tenor/falsetto Eddie Kendricks and second tenor/baritone Paul Williams (no relation to Otis) from The Primes. Among the most notable future Temptations were lead singers David Ruffin and Dennis Edwards (both of whom became successful Motown solo artists after leaving the group), Richard Street (another former Distant), Damon Harris, Ron Tyson, Ali-Ollie Woodson, Theo Peoples, and G.C. Cameron. Like its sister female group, the Supremes, the Temptations' lineup has changed frequently over the years. Over the course of their career, the Temptations have released four Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles and 14 Billboard R&B number-one singles. Their material has earned them three Grammy Awards, while two more awards were conferred upon the songwriters and producers who crafted their 1972 hit "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone". History The Primes Childhood friends Eddie Kendricks, Paul Williams, Kel Osbourne, and Wiley Waller formed a doo-wop group called the Cavaliers in their hometown of Birmingham, Alabama, in 1955.[5] Reduced to a trio after Waller left the group in 1957, Kendricks, Williams, and Osbourne left Birmingham in order to break into the music business. After first moving to Cleveland, they settled in Detroit. The Primes, as the doo-wop trio was now called, were well-known around Detroit for their meticulous performances.[6] Group manager Milton Jenkins even created a sister group for the Primes called the Primettes, recruiting Florence Ballard, Mary Wilson, Diane (later Diana) Ross, and Betty McGlown for the spin-off act.[5] The Distants Otis Williams had moved from his native Texarkana, Texas to Detroit as a young boy, to live with his mother.[7] By 1958, he was the leader of Otis Williams & the Siberians, a doo-wop group that included Williams, his friend Elbridge "Al" Bryant, James "Pee-Wee" Crawford, Vernard Plain, and Arthur Walton.[8] This quintet recorded the single "Pecos Kid" backed with "All of My Life" for a label run by local radio deejay Senator Bristol Bryant.[8] The single never took off outside the local Detroit market, and the Siberians changed their name to The El Domingoes shortly afterward.[5] At this time, more changes took place. Montgomery, Alabama native Melvin Franklin replaced Arthur Walton as the bass singer, and Franklin's cousin Richard Street replaced Vernard Plain as lead singer.[9] The group soon signed with Northern Records, run by Johnnie Mae Matthews, who renamed the group The Distants. The Distants recorded two singles for Northern, "Come On" (1959, featuring additional background vocals by the Andantes), and "Alright" (1960).[9] Between these two releases, Albert "Mooch" Harrell replaced Pee-Wee Crawford.[9] "Come On" was a local hit for the Distants, and the Warwick label picked the record up for national distribution.[9] After the release of "Alright", Matthews appointed Williams the group leader, and the group was renamed Otis Williams & the Distants.[10] [edit] Influences and colleagues The Primes and the Distants were but two of dozens of local male vocal acts, the most famous of which was the Miracles, led by Smokey Robinson. The Miracles were known for their stage show, and their pop success was something for which both groups strived.[11] Other important inspirations included the Cadillacs, Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers, the Drifters, and the Isley Brothers.[12] The various members of The Primes and the Distants who would later become part of the Temptations met a number of their later Motown bandmates, labelmates, and producers during the early part of their careers. Melvin Franklin had been a member of the recording group the Voice Masters, which also included among its ranks Lamont Dozier and David Ruffin.[9] The musicians at the recording session for the Distants' "Come On" included James Jamerson on bass; the Andantes on background vocals; and Norman Whitfield on tambourine.[9] A promotional image of the original early 1960s Temptations lineup. Clockwise from top right: Otis Williams, Paul Williams, Melvin Franklin, Eddie Kendricks, and Elbridge "Al" Bryant. [edit] Forming the Temptations Although "Come On" was a local success in the Detroit area, the Distants never saw much of their share from the record sales, and the second single was not as successful. After receiving an offer from Berry Gordy of Motown Records, the group got out of its contract with Matthews and left Northern. At the same time, it lost Mooch Harrell, Richard Street, and the rights to use its name. Street would front a new group of Distants for the local Thelma label during the early 1960s. The Distants were acquainted with the Primes, as both groups made the same rounds to local record hops, talent shows, and concerts. The two groups were friendly rivals. The Primes disbanded in 1960 when Kel Osbourne moved to California, and Eddie Kendricks and Paul Williams returned to Alabama. While in Detroit visiting relatives, Kendricks called Otis Williams who, needing two more members for an audition for Gordy, offered Kendricks a place in the Distants. Kendricks agreed, with one condition -- that he could bring Paul Williams with him. Otis Williams agreed, and Kendricks and Paul Williams moved back to Detroit to join the group. The new lineup of Otis Williams, Franklin, Bryant, Kendricks, and Paul Williams took on the name The Elgins and auditioned for Motown in March 1961. Gordy agreed to sign the group to his Miracle Records imprint, but discovered just before signing that there was already a singing group called the Elgins. The quintet quickly began tossing about ideas for a new name on the steps of Motown's Hitsville U.S.A. headquarters. On a suggestion from Miracle Records employee Billy Mitchell and Otis Williams, The Temptations became the group's new moniker. The "Elgins" name would re-surface at Motown in 1965, when Gordy renamed a quartet called The Downbeats as The Elgins. The Temptations released two singles on Miracle, "Oh Mother of Mine" and "Check Yourself", before it was closed and merged with the Gordy label (to avoid confusion with the Miracles singing group). All seven of the Temptations' singles released between 1961 and 1963 failed to make it onto the U.S. pop singles charts; the 1962 single "Dream Come True" made it to number 22 on the R&B chart. Paul Williams and Kendricks split most of the leads during this period, with Bryant, Otis Williams, and Franklin occasionally singing lead. Many songwriter and producer teams had been trying to craft a hit for the Temptations, including Berry Gordy, Mickey Stevenson, Clarence Paul, and Norman Whitfield. Gordy had in fact written the song "Do You Love Me" for The Temptations in 1961, but when he was unable to get ahold of the group, he recorded the song with the Contours instead. Miracles lead singer/songwriter/producer Smokey Robinson produced his first Temptations single, the Paul Williams-led "I Want a Love I Can See", in 1963, and proved to have the best rapport with the group. Elbridge Bryant, who preferred his day job as a milkman to performing, soon became restless and uncooperative. After a performance at the 1963 Motown company Christmas party, Bryant was fired from the group. His replacement was Meridian, Mississippi native David Ruffin, younger brother of Motown artist Jimmy Ruffin. Though both Ruffin brothers were considered, David was given an edge over Jimmy thanks to his performance skills, which David displayed when he joined the Temptations on-stage during a local Detroit performance earlier that year.[13] The "Classic Five" lineup of the Temptations, circa 1965. Left to right: Melvin Franklin, Eddie Kendricks, Otis Williams, Paul Williams, and David Ruffin. The "Classic Five" era In January 1964,Miracles members Smokey Robinson and Bobby Rogers co-wrote and produced "The Way You Do the Things You Do" with Kendricks on lead; the single became the Temptations' first Top 20 hit that April. While traveling as part of Motown's Motortown Revue later that year, Robinson and fellow Miracle Ronnie White wrote a song for the emotive Ruffin to sing lead on, which the group recorded in the fall of 1964. Released as a single on December 24, 1964, "My Girl", became the Temptations' first number-one pop hit in March 1965, and is their signature song to this day. David Ruffin's emergence as lead singer gave way to the Temptations' most successful period, today referred to as the "Classic Five" era, during which Ruffin, Kendricks, Franklin, Otis Williams, and Paul Williams recorded many of the group's most familiar hits. After the success of "My Girl", Ruffin sang lead on the next three Temptations singles: "It's Growing", "Since I Lost My Baby" and "My Baby", all of which made it to the Top 20 in 1965. The b-side to "My Baby", "Dont Look Back", featured a lead from Paul Williams, and was a sleeper hit on the R&B charts. In 1966, Norman Whitfield became the Temptations' new main producer, after his "Ain't Too Proud to Beg" performed better than Robinson's "Get Ready" on the U.S. pop charts. Whitfield began pushing the group away from Robinson's ballad-based production towards a harder-edged and brass-heavy soul sound reminiscent of the work of James Brown. Nearly all of the pre-1968 Whitfield-produced Temptations singles featured David Ruffin on lead vocals, including the R&B number-one/pop Top 10 hits "Beauty Is Only Skin Deep" and "(I Know) I'm Losing You". Other singles from this period included "You're My Everything", on which Eddie Kendricks and David Ruffin share lead vocals, and "All I Need", produced by Whitfield's protg Frank Wilson. Whitfield's writing partners during this period included Roger Penzabene, Temptations road show manager/guitarist Cornelius Grant, and Edward Holland, Jr.. After Eddie Holland left Motown with the rest of the Holland-Dozier-Holland songwriting/production team in 1967, Barrett Strong (who sang Motown's first hit, 1960's "Money (That's What I Want)") began working with Whitfield and Penzabene on Temptations material. Two of Whitfield/Strong/Penzabene's collaborations, "I Wish It Would Rain" and "I Could Never Love Another (After Loving You)", became hits in 1968. Strong became Whitfield's sole collaborator after Penzabene's suicide in December 1967. Exit David Ruffin Between 1964 and 1968, the Temptations went from unknown hopefuls to international stars. The group appeared frequently on television shows such as American Bandstand and The Ed Sullivan Show, and catered to middle America with a pop standards album (The Temptations in a Mellow Mood, 1967) and performances at the Copacabana in New York City and other such supper clubs. Outside of music, the Temptations were made honorary members of Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. Initially laid back and even-keeled, by 1967 David Ruffin felt that he was almost single-handedly responsible for the group's success. He demanded special treatment, riding to and from gigs in a private mink-lined limousine with his then-girlfriend, singer Tammi Terrell (known for her duets with Marvin Gaye), instead of in the group limousine the other four Temptations used. Ruffin missed a number of rehearsals, concerts, and group meetings; and began regularly using cocaine. After seeing how Motown had made Diana Ross the focus of the Supremes by renaming the group Diana Ross & the Supremes, Ruffin demanded that his group be renamed, as well -- to David Ruffin & the Temptations. Additionally, Ruffin was demanding an accounting of the Temptations' earnings, which caused friction between him and Berry Gordy. There was general agreement among the rest of group that Ruffin needed to be replaced. Otis Williams insists that Ruffin was given fair warning that if he did not change his attitude he would be fired. When Ruffin missed a June 1968 engagement at a Cleveland supper club in order to attend a show by his new girlfriend (Dean Martin's daughter Gail), it was decided that he had crossed the line. The other four Temptations drew up legal documentation firing Ruffin from the group, and Dennis Edwards, formerly of the Contours, was hired to replace him. Edwards and Ruffin were good friends, and Ruffin at first went along with the changing of the guard. After a short time, however, Ruffin began turning up at Temptations shows, jumping onstage during performances of the songs he once sang lead on and stealing the spotlight. The audiences were delighted, but the Temptations and Motown were frustrated and embarrassed. Extra security guards were hired to prevent Ruffin from attending other Temptations' performances. Ruffin sued Motown in October 1968, seeking a release from the label, and Motown settled by offering Ruffin a solo recording deal. Beginning in 1968, Berry Gordy commissioned a number of collaborations for the Temptations with Diana Ross & the Supremes. The results included a joint tour, two studio albums (Diana Ross & the Supremes Join the Temptations, which featured the number-two hit single "I'm Gonna Make You Love Me", and Together), and two NBC television specials, TCB (aired December 9, 1968) and G.I.T. on Broadway (aired November 12, 1969). The tracks for Diana Ross & the Supremes Join the Temptations included Dennis Edwards' first studio recordings with the Temptations. Psychedelic soul Dennis Edwards' addition to the Temptations coincided with producer Norman Whitfield's adoption of a new sound for the group. In the fall of 1968, Whitfield began producing psychedelic-based material for the Temptations, derived primarily from the sound of funk band Sly & the Family Stone. This new style, which debuted with the Top 10 hit single "Cloud Nine" in October 1968, was a marked departure from the David Ruffin-era ballads. The instrumentation was funkier, the beat was hard-driving, and all five Temptations traded lead vocals, similar to Sly & the Family Stone. "Cloud Nine", the centerpiece of the group's landmark Cloud Nine LP, was a Top 10 hit and won Motown its first Grammy Award, for Best R&B Vocal Group Performance of 1969. The blending of the Motown sound and psychedelic rock sound resulted in a new subgenre of music called "psychedelic soul", also evident in the work of Diana Ross and the Supremes ("Reflections", "Love Child"), Marvin Gaye's version of "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", and the music of the Fifth Dimension and War. More Temptations psychedelic soul singles would follow in 1969 and 1970, among them "Runaway Child, Running Wild" (a number-one R&B hit), "I Can't Get Next to You" (a number-one pop hit), "Psychedelic Shack" , "Ball of Confusion (That's What the World Is Today)", and "Ungena Za Ulimwengu (Unite the World)". Exit Eddie Kendricks and Paul Williams During the late-1960s, Paul Williams' physical and mental health began to decline sharply. Williams suffered from both depression and sickle-cell disease, and also developed alcoholism, all of which made it hard for him to continue performing. Oxygen tanks were kept in the wings of performance venue stages for Williams, and the other four Temptations made valiant efforts to raid and drain his alcohol stashes. By 1969, former Distant Richard Street, now lead singer of Motown act The Monitors, was touring with the group as a backup replacement for Williams. For most shows, Street would sing Williams' parts (save for his solo numbers) from offstage behind a curtain, while Williams danced and lip-synched onstage. At other shows, and during most of the second half of 1970, Street took Williams' place onstage. As Paul Williams' health failed, Eddie Kendricks became detached from the group. He regularly picked fights with Otis Williams and Melvin Franklin over the group's leadership. In addition, Kendricks was uncomfortable with the psychedelic soul material the group was now performing, preferring the ballad material from the earlier days. Kendricks rekindled his friendship with David Ruffin, who persuaded him to quit the Temptations and go solo. After another confrontation between himself, Otis Williams, and Franklin during a November 1970 Copacabana engagement, Kendricks walked out in-between shows and did not return. Both Franklin and Otis Williams agreed at this time that Kendricks would be leaving the group. Before Kendricks officially left the Temptations, he and Paul Williams recorded the lead vocals for "Just My Imagination (Running Away with Me)", a lush, wistful ballad that became Kendricks' Temptations swan song. Released as a single in January 1971, "Just My Imagination" began steadily climbing the U.S. pop singles chart. By the time "Just My Imagination" hit number-one in March, Kendricks had negotiated his release from the group and signed a solo deal with Motown's Tamla imprint. Kendricks' original replacement was Ricky Owens, from the Los Angeles-based vocal group the Vibrations. However, Owens gave poorly-received performances during the few shows he performed with the group, and he was dropped after only a few weeks. During most of the spring of 1971, the Temptations remained a quartet, and re-recorded the single "It's Summer" without a fifth member. In April, Paul Williams quit the Temptations, after a medical declaration that he was unable to continue performing. Richard Street officially took his place, while Williams remained on the group's payroll as an advisor and choreographer. After Williams had recovered enough to perform again, Motown made plans for a Paul Williams solo career, but he died at age 34 in Detroit on August 17, 1973. Williams' death was ruled a suicide. The Temptations in the early 1970s By May, The Temptations had found a permanent replacement first tenor in twenty-year-old Baltimore native Damon Harris. Otis Williams, Edwards, Franklin, Street, and Harris continued recording and performing, and Norman Whitfield continued producing hits for them. Among these were Top 40 hits such as "Superstar (Remember How You Got Where You Are)" (1971), a message from the Temptations to the estranged David Ruffin and Eddie Kendricks, and "Take a Look Around" (1972). The fall of 1972 saw the release of Whitfield's magnum opus, "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone". Originally a three-minute record written and produced for the Undisputed Truth, Whitfield took the sombre tune and created a sprawling, dramatic eleven and -minute version for the Temptations. An edited seven-minute version was released as a single in September 1972, hitting number-one on the pop charts and number-five on the R&B charts. In 1973, "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone" won the Temptations their second Grammy for Best R&B Performance by a Group. Whitfield and arranger/conductor Paul Riser won the award for Best R&B Instrumental Performance with the instrumental version of "Papa" on the single's b-side, and Whitfield and Barrett Strong won the songwriters' Grammy for Best R&B Song. After "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone", Whitfield stopped working with Barrett Strong, and began writing the Temptations' material on his own. The success of "Papa" led Whitfield to create more elongated, operatic pieces, including the Top 40 hit "Masterpiece" (1973) and several of the tracks on the resulting Masterpiece album. Tensions developed between Whitfield and the group, who found Whitfield arrogant and difficult to work with. The group cited his habitual tardiness, his emphasis of the instrumental tracks over the vocals on many of his productions, and the declining singles and albums sales as other sources of conflict. Otis Williams complained about Whitfield's actions and the Temptations' stagnant sales to Berry Gordy, who intervened and reassigned them to Jeffrey Bowen, co-producer of the 1967 In a Mellow Mood album. The final Norman Whitfield-produced Temptations album, 1990, was released in late 1973, and included the Top 30 single "Let Your Hair Down". Whitfield left Motown shortly afterwards, and in 1975 established Whitfield Records, taking with him the Undisputed Truth, Willie Hutch, and Rose Royce, who performed the instrumental track for "Let Your Hair Down". Dry spell Bowen's first LP with the Temptations was January 1975's A Song for You, which included a cover of the titular Leon Russell tune (popularized with soul audiences by Donny Hathaway), along with the pop Top 40/R&B number-one hits "Happy People" (featuring the Commodores as the instrumentalists) and "Shakey Ground" (featuring instrumentation by Funkadelic's Eddie Hazel and Billy Bass Nelson), and "Glasshouse", the group's final Top 40 Pop hit. Damon Harris was fired from the group during the recording of A Song for You, as his behavior and work ethic were deemed unprofessional.[14] His replacement was Washington, D.C. native Glenn Leonard, formerly of the Unifics.[15] A number of producers, including Bowen, Brian Holland, James Carmichael, and even the Temptations themselves tried producing hits for the next three LPs, House Party (November 1975), Wings of Love (March 1976), and The Temptations Do the Temptations (August 1976). None of these recordings were as commercially successful as A Song for You, and none of their singles entered the Billboard Hot 100 Top 40.[16] As time progressed, Bowen pushed Dennis Edwards further to the front. This was evident in on Wings of Love, which features Edwards' voice more prominently than the other Temptations' backing vocals.[17] Otis Williams felt that this was hurting the group, and after The Temptations Do the Temptations was recorded in 1976, Edwards was fired from the group.[18] His replacement was Louis Price. The Temptations left Motown for Atlantic Records, citing Motown's inattention as the reason for their declining sales and popularity.[19] However, the group's releases on Atlantic -- Hear to Tempt You (1977), Bare Back (1978), and their associated singles -- failed to perform better than their last handful of Motown singles, and in 1979 Atlantic released the group from its contract.[17] Shortly afterwards, the Temptations met with Smokey Robinson and Berry Gordy, and the group re-signed with Motown in 1980.[20] ] Return to Motown and Reunion Upon the return to Motown, Louis Price departed from the group and joined the Drifters. Dennis Edwards, who had been inactive for the previous three years despite remaining with Motown as a solo act, returned to the lineup. Berry Gordy co-wrote and produced the Temptations' first single under the new contract, "Power", from the album of the same name. "Power" missed the Billboard Hot 100 Top 40, but hit number 11 on the R&B charts. Two years of underperforming singles and albums followed, including an eponymous album with Philadelphia-based producer Thom Bell, until Motown began planning a Temptations reunion tour in 1982. Eddie Kendricks and David Ruffin agreed to rejoin the group for the Reunion album and tour. Melvin Franklin's nephew, Motown funk star Rick James (who had previously used the Temptations as backup vocalists on his 1981 hit "Super Freak"), wrote, produced, and guested on the Reunion album's lead single, "Standing on the Top", which featured Ruffin, Kendricks, and Edwards on lead. The single went to number-six on the R&B charts. While the ensuing Reunion tour with all seven Temptations (Ruffin, Kendricks, Otis Williams, Franklin, Edwards, Richard Street, and Glenn Leonard) was financially successful, it ended up being a stressful venture: Kendricks' voice had weakened after decades of chain smoking, and Ruffin, still addicted to drugs, missed a number of the performances. At the conclusion of the Reunion tour, Ruffin and Kendricks were fired, and they began touring and performing together as a duo. One more album, Surface Thrills, was released in 1983. It featured a sharp departure in the group's sound by incorporating elements of then-current rock. Following its release, Glenn Leonard left and was replaced by Ron Tyson. Tyson had been a songwriter at Atlantic during the Temptations' time there, and co-wrote several songs on the album Hear To Tempt You. [edit] From the 1980s to the 1990s By this time, the Temptations' releases were no longer performing well on the pop charts, though they sometimes made the R&B Top 20. "Love on My Mind Tonight", a single from Surface Thrills, made it to number 17. "Sail Away", produced by a returning Norman Whitfield and featuring Ron Tyson's first lead vocal, peaked at number 13. Dennis Edwards was again fired in 1984, this time for missing rehearsals, or showing up hungover. He attempted a second solo career, and his place was taken by Ali-Ollie Woodson, who had been a potential candidate to replace Edwards back in 1977. The album Back to Basics was released; it was the first album featuring Ron Tyson, and featured one track with Woodson, "Stop the World Right Here (I Wanna Get Off)". Woodson's first lead on a single was 1984's "Treat Her Like a Lady", co-written by himself and Otis Williams, and co-produced by Al McKay and Ralph Johnson, formerly of Earth, Wind and Fire. The single became their biggest success on R&B radio in some time, reaching number-two on the R&B charts, and just missing the Pop Top 40. The group experienced similar success the following year with the single "Lady Soul", another Top 5 R&B smash. On July 13th 1985, Eddie Kendricks and David Ruffin would achieve "World comeback" recognition for their performances with Pop/Rock superstars Daryl Hall and John Oates(Hall and Oates) in a performance given at the "Live Aid" concert in Philadelphia televised world wide. The segment with Kendricks and Ruffin included a Medley of "Get ready/The way you do the things you do/My Girl. The combination of Hall, Oates, Ruffin and Kendricks went on to perform the resurrected Hall and Oates hit (made popular by the English artist Paul Young), "Every time you go away". This was the exact performance the singing quartet had just recorded live in a sold out performance for the "reopening" of the historic Apollo Theater. The medley recorded on "Live at the Apollo" for RCA, became a top 20 hit on the pop charts. Ollie Woodson remained with the Temptations until 1987, when he was fired and replaced by an again-returning Dennis Edwards. The group recorded one album during Edwards' third tenure, Together Again, released in late 1987. The following year, Otis Williams published his autobiography, Temptations, co-written with Patricia Romanowski, chronicling the careers of the group from the Primes/Distants days to the present, and focusing on the lives of Williams and Melvin Franklin. An updated version of the book was published in 2002. Edwards was fired for the third and final time in late 1989, with Woodson re-joining the lineup. Also that year, the Temptations were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, honoring Edwards, Franklin, Otis Williams, David Ruffin, Eddie Kendricks (now performing as "Eddie Kendrick"), and, posthumously, Paul Williams. Most of the Temptations, present and former, showed no ill feelings towards each other, although Otis Williams reported that Kendricks would not speak to him during the ceremony. [21] The Temptations ended their induction with Paul Willaims' signature song, "Don't Look Back", dedicated to his memory. After reuniting at the induction ceremony, Edwards, Ruffin, and Kendrick made plans to tour and record as "Ruffin/Kendrick/Edwards, Former Leads of The Temptations". The tour was carried out, much to the chagrin of Otis Williams and Motown, but production on an album was terminated when Ruffin, age 50, died on June 1, 1991 in Philadelphia after a drug overdose. Kendrick was diagnosed with lung cancer but continued to perform; he died on October 5, 1992 at the age of 52, in his native Birmingham. The Temptations in the 1990s From the 1990s on, the Temptations' lineup began to change more frequently than before. Richard Street missed a performance in 1992 after undergoing emergency surgery to remove kidney stones. Otis Williams was not aware of Street's surgery, and called him, angry about Street's absence. Street felt Williams was unsympathetic, and as a result, he left the group in 1993 after twenty-two years. His replacement was St. Louis native Theo Peoples. Two years later, Melvin Franklin was forced to stop performing because of failing health. He died on February 23, 1995 at the age of 52, after suffering a brain seizure. Ray Davis from Parliament/Funkadelic came on as new bass, and the group recorded the pop standards album For Lovers Only, which contained two tracks led by Melvin Franklin. Davis left shortly after completing the album, due to a throat cancer diagnosis. The group continued as a quartet for a short time, before recruiting bass Harry McGilberry, a former member of The Futures. For Lovers Only would also be the last for lead Ali-Ollie Woodson; he was released from the group in 1996 due to health problems, having suffered two battles with throat cancer. He was replaced by his fill-in from his first health concern, new member Terry Weeks. The new Temptations lineup, consisting of Otis Williams, Ron Tyson, Theo Peoples, and newcomers Harry McGilberry and Terry Weeks, debuted at the halftime show of Super Bowl XXXII, which celebrated the 40th anniversary of Motown. In 1998, The Temptations released Phoenix Rising, their first million-selling album in over twenty years. The album was anchored by the Theo Peoples-led single "Stay", a number-one hit on the adult contemporary charts that featured a sample from The Temptations' "My Girl". During the recording of Phoenix Rising, however, Theo Peoples departed, and was replaced by Barrington "Bo" Henderson. The completed album features both Henderson and Peoples (who later joined the Four Tops) on different tracks. A scene from the 1998 Temptations NBC miniseries. The Temptations mini-series Main entry: The Temptations (miniseries). Nineteen ninety-eight also saw the debut of The Temptations, a four-hour television miniseries based on Otis Williams' Temptations autobiography. It was broadcast in two parts on NBC on November 1 and November 2, 1998. The miniseries was a ratings success and won an Emmy award for Best Direction; it was subsequently rerun on the VH-1 cable television network and released to VHS and DVD. Otis Williams' former wife Josephine, Melvin Franklin's mother Rose Franklin, and David Ruffin's family, jointly filed a lawsuit against Williams, Motown, de Passe Entertainment, Hallmark Entertainment, and NBC for a number of charges, including defamations of character. The judges ruled in favor of the defendants, and the ruling was upheld when the plaintiffs appealed in 2001. Williams later claimed that, although his book was used as the source material for the film, he did not have a great deal of control over how the material was presented. From 2000 to the present day The Temptations were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999. In 2001, their 2000 album Ear-Resistible won the group its third Grammy, this one for Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance. Three classic Temptations songs, "My Girl", "Ain't Too Proud to Beg", and "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone", are among The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. Bo Henderson was fired from the group in 2003, prompting a wrongful termination lawsuit [22]. His replacement was former Spinners lead G.C. Cameron. The lineup of Cameron, Otis Williams, Ron Tyson, Harry McGilberry, and Terry Weeks recorded for a short time before Harry McGilberry was dismissed;[23] his replacement was former Spaniels bass Joe Herndon. McGilberry died on April 3, 2006, at age 56. The group's final Motown album, Legacy, was released in 2004. Later that year, The Temptations asked to be released from their Motown contract, and moved to another Universal Motown Records Group label, New Door Records. Their latest album, Reflections, was released on January 31, 2006, and contains covers of several popular Motown songs, including Diana Ross & the Supremes' "Reflections", the Miracles' "Ooo Baby Baby", Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell's "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing", and the Jackson 5's "I'll Be There".[24] The Temptations were nominated for the 2007 Grammy Award for Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance, for their version of Gaye's "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)" from Reflections. G.C. Cameron left the group in June of 2007 to focus on his solo career.[25]. The current lineup is Otis Williams, Ron Tyson, Terry Weeks, Joe Herndon, and new member Bruce Williamson. Splinter groups Several former Temptations continue to perform outside of the group in spin-off or offshoot acts. The most well known splinter was "Ruffin/Kendrick/Edwards: Former Leads of the Temptations", which featured the three former Temptations and three other members (David Sea, who'd been a consideration to replace Edwards in 1984, Nate Evans, a former member of The Impressions, and a female vocalist). Following David Ruffin's death, Dennis Edwards and Eddie Kendrick began touring as "The Temptations", still with David Sea and Nate Evans, and bringing in another former Temptation, Damon Harris. The group had different sixth vocalists at different times, including Charles Blackmon and Curtis Taylor.[26] This prompted a legal battle with Otis Williams. Following Kendrick's death, the group splintered: Dennis formed "Dennis Edwards and the Temptations Review," Damon formed "Damon Harris and the Temptations Review" (featuring future Temptation Joe Herndon), David Sea went on to a solo career[27], and Evans and Taylor formed a Temptations tribute band[28]. Dennis Edwards' group tours to this day. The group has appeared on several PBS music specials. The lineup is Edwards, David Sea (baritone, returning in 1999), Mike Patillo (bass since 1993), Chris Arnold (first tenor/falsetto, joined post-2000)[29], and another former Temptation, Ali-Ollie Woodson. Woodson previously fronted an act called Ali-Ollie Woodson & the Emperors of Soul--Emperors of Soul being the name of the 1994 Temptations boxed set. He replaced Bernard Gibson[30][31] in 2007; Gibson was an original 1993 addition, and was in the group for all of their PBS performances. Damon Harris split from his group in the late 1990s; the other four members then joined with another former Temptation, Glenn Leonard, to become "Glenn Leonard and the Temptations Experience." Joe Herndon left this group to join the Temptations[32] His spot was filled by former Temptations bass Ray Davis, and, following Davis' death on July 5, 2005, Harry McGilberry, another former Temptations bass (McGilberry died on April 3, 2006). Damon Harris would form a new group later, billed as "Damon Harris and the Temptations Tribute." Richard Street also leads a group, billed as "Richard Street" or "Richard Street's Temptations"[33]. Street is in the process of writing a book regarding his time with The Temptations entitled Ball of Confusion. If it is published, it will be the second autobiography regarding the group. [edit] Musical style The Temptations' songs depended upon the individual members' interaction as a group; unlike many other R&B groups, each member of the Temptations was a lead singer of some capacity. Although the group always had an appointed main lead singer who dominated most the lead vocals (from Paul Williams to David Ruffin, Dennis Edwards, and later singers such as Louis Price, Ali-Ollie Woodson, and Terry Weeks), that singer was never given more of a promotional push than the other members. Co-lead songs, with two or more of the singers sharing the lead vocals, are common in the Temptations catalog, particularly among the psychedelic-era recordings of the late 1960s/early 1970s The "Motown Sound" The group would alter their style several times over the years following their first Motown hit, adapting to the popular styles of the day while retaining their signature visual and vocal styles. The earliest Temptations recordings reflect the influence of producers Berry Gordy and Smokey Robinson, featuring a blend of black rhythm and blues and white pop music that came to be later identified as the "Motown Sound". Backed by Motown's stalwart studio band, the Funk Brothers, pre-1966 Temptations recordings were built around songs (usually ballads like "My Girl") with simple, direct lyrics supported by an R&B rhythm section with orchestral strings and horns added for pop appeal. During this period, each recording usually featured only one lead singer, usually David Ruffin or Eddie Kendricks, although Paul Williams, Melvin Franklin, and Otis Williams each had solo numbers of their own at various times. Like most Motown groups, melisma and other complicated vocalization techniques were eschewed by the Temptations for a more direct, yet obviously gospel-rooted vocal approach, to make the songs more palpable for white audiences. Creative control remained primarily in Smokey Robinson's hands, although the Temptations, most frequently Eddie Kendricks, periodically co-wrote some of their material. Kendricks also handled the vocal arrangements for all of the Temptations' material. In 1966, Norman Whitfield changed the group's dynamic, moving them away from the previous one lead singer model and adding elements derived from the rougher soul of artists like James Brown, Wilson Pickett, and the performers at Stax Records. Whitfield and his lyricists crafted Temptations songs with shifts of dynamics, syncopated horn stabs, and more intricate harmony arrangements which spotlighted each singer's unique vocal range. Onstage, this change was reflected in the group's use of a custom-made four-headed microphone, which allowed each member freedom to perform without having to all crowd around one or two microphones. Under Whitfield's control, the Temptations retained their white pop appeal, but also gained popularity amongst black audiences as well. Psychedelic and cinematic soul When David Ruffin was replaced by Dennis Edwards, and Sly and the Family Stone became popular, Whitfield again restructured the Temptations' sound, this time driving the group almost completely into a "psychedelic soul" sound. Recordings from this period (such as "Cloud Nine" and "Psychedelic Shack") featured echoed vocal tracks, distorted guitar lines with prominent use of the wah-wah pedal, hard-hitting drums, and various stereo effects and sound effects. The majority of these songs feature at least two lead singers; often, all five Temptations sang lead, trading bars a la the Family Stone. Dennis Edwards, whose vocal style had a rougher, more Southern-soul based sound than David Ruffin's, was featured prominently on most of these recordings. The lyrics for these songs, inspired heavily by Sly Stone's concurrent works, centered primarily around social issues such as integration, the Vietnam War, and self-consciousness. Ballads in the group's traditional style were still being recorded as b-sides and album fillers (the exception being "Just My Imagination"). Many of the psychedelic soul recordings were presented in extended-length mixes longer than the typical three-minute Motown song. Tracks such as the album version of "Run Away Child, Running Wild" from Cloud Nine, "Take a Stroll Thru Your Mind" from Psychedelic Shack, and "Smiling Faces Sometimes" from Sky's the Limit, all run at least eight minutes in length. Much of the running time for each song consists of instrumental passages without vocals, at Whitfield's insistence. The hit version of their smash 1972 single "Papa Was a Rolling Stone" was nearly seven minutes long, with an instrumental intro that was almost two minutes long -- a rarity for songs of that era. "Psychedelic soul" soon gave way to "cinematic soul": Long recordings with detailed orchestration and extended instrumental introductions and bridging passages, oten focusing on lyrics about the ghettos and inner cities of black America. These songs were heavily influenced by the work of singer/songwriters Isaac Hayes and Curtis Mayfield. Unlike Hayes and Mayfield, the Temptations had no creative control over their recordings, and were not fond of the twelve and thirteen-minute long songs that Norman Whitfield was now producing for them. Whitfield's contributions were the focal point of Temptations albums such as Solid Rock, All Directions, and particularly Masterpiec. From funk to disco to adult contemporary After Whitfield was dismissed as the Temptations' producer in 1974, the group altered its sound to accommodate a balance of both up-tempo dance material and ballads. The vocal arrangements began to again focus primarily on one lead singer per track, although leads were still being periodically shared. In addition, the Temptations themselves, after fighting Motown and Berry Gordy for creative control, began to write and produce some of their material. From this point on, the Temptations focused almost exclusively on songs about romance; songs about social issues similar to the Whitfield-era recordings were periodically recorded as well. Mid-1970s Temptations recordings focused significantly on funk music influences from artists such as Parliament Funkadelic and Sly and the Family Stone; members of both acts contributed to Temptations material during this period. The group's ballads, reduced to filler material during much of the Whifield period, were restored to the lush sound of the earlier Smokey Robinson-produced hits. After a brief diversion into disco in the late-1970s, the Temptations settled into an adult contemporary-rooted form of R&B, a style in which they continue to record. As the ages of its members increased, the Temptations' live shows have focused on less intricate choreography, although dancing remains an important aspect of the group's act. Legacy and influence The Temptations, with their tailored suits and detailed choreography, set the bar for male soul and R&B groups. Before the Temptations became popular, most black vocal groups were rough, high-energy acts with rawer vocals and more improvisational dance movements. Only a few performers, including contemporaries Marvin Gaye, Sam Cooke, and the Four Tops, showed the refined style that would be popularized by the Temptations. Berry Gordy insisted his acts be equally appealing to white and black audiences, and employed a creative team to help tailor Motown talent for crossover success. Paul Williams and Motown choreographer Cholly Atkins created the Temptation's trademark precise and energetic, yet refined, dance steps. The most famous of these, the "Temptation Walk", or "Temptation Strut", was adapted from similar moves by the Flamingoes and the Vibrations. From those two sources, Paul Williams crafted the group's signature dance routine. During the 1960s and 1970s, a number of soul groups showed significant influence from the Temptations, among them the Delfonics, the Stylistics, George Clinton's original Parliaments, the Dramatics, and Motown labelmates the Jackson Five. These acts, and others, showed the influence of the Temptations in both their vocal performances and their onstage choreography. Several more recent soul and R&B vocal groups, including the Johnny Gill-led version of New Edition, Jodeci, BLACKstreet, Dru Hill, and, most notably, 1990s Motown act Boyz II Men, also showed significant influence from the Temptations. Temptations songs have been covered by scores of musicians, from R&B singers such as Luther Vandross ("Since I Lost My Baby"), to pop vocalists such as Bette Midler ("Just My Imagination"), to rock bands such as Rare Earth ("Get Ready"), Duran Duran ("Ball of Confusion (That's What the World Is Today)") and the Rolling Stones ("Ain't Too Proud to Beg"). In 1991, British singer Rod Stewart collaborated with the Temptations on the single "The Motown Song". The lives and careers of The Temptations were one of several inspirations for Robert Townsend's 1991 film about a 1960s Motown-esque male group, The Five Heartbeats. In 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked The Temptations #67 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[34] (Less)
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340, 03:11, 2008-04-17 15:10:22 Description: The Temptations (often abbreviated as "The Tempts" or "The Temps") are an American Motown singing group whose repertoire has included doo-wop, soul, psychedelia, funk, disco, (More) The Temptations (often abbreviated as "The Tempts" or "The Temps") are an American Motown singing group whose repertoire has included doo-wop, soul, psychedelia, funk, disco, R&B, and adult contemporary. Formed in Detroit, Michigan in 1960 as The Elgins, the Temptations have always featured five African American male vocalists/dancers. The group, known for its recognizable choreography, distinct harmonies, and onstage suits, has been said to be as influential to soul as the Beatles are to rock.[1] Having sold an estimated 22 million albums by 1982,[2] The Temptations are one of the most successful groups in music history[3] and were the definitive male vocal group of the 1960s.[4] In addition, they have the second-longest tenure on Motown (behind Stevie Wonder), as they were with the label for a total of 40 years: 16 years from 1961 to 1977, and 24 more from 1980 to 2004 (from 1977 to 1980, they were signed to Atlantic Records). As of 2007, the Temptations continue to perform and record for Universal Records with only one original member, founder Otis Williams, in its lineup. The original group included members of two local Detroit vocal groups: The Distants, which featured second tenor/baritone Otis Williams, first tenor Elbridge "Al" Bryant and bass Melvin Franklin; and first tenor/falsetto Eddie Kendricks and second tenor/baritone Paul Williams (no relation to Otis) from The Primes. Among the most notable future Temptations were lead singers David Ruffin and Dennis Edwards (both of whom became successful Motown solo artists after leaving the group), Richard Street (another former Distant), Damon Harris, Ron Tyson, Ali-Ollie Woodson, Theo Peoples, and G.C. Cameron. Like its sister female group, the Supremes, the Temptations' lineup has changed frequently over the years. Over the course of their career, the Temptations have released four Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles and 14 Billboard R&B number-one singles. Their material has earned them three Grammy Awards, while two more awards were conferred upon the songwriters and producers who crafted their 1972 hit "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone". History The Primes Childhood friends Eddie Kendricks, Paul Williams, Kel Osbourne, and Wiley Waller formed a doo-wop group called the Cavaliers in their hometown of Birmingham, Alabama, in 1955.[5] Reduced to a trio after Waller left the group in 1957, Kendricks, Williams, and Osbourne left Birmingham in order to break into the music business. After first moving to Cleveland, they settled in Detroit. The Primes, as the doo-wop trio was now called, were well-known around Detroit for their meticulous performances.[6] Group manager Milton Jenkins even created a sister group for the Primes called the Primettes, recruiting Florence Ballard, Mary Wilson, Diane (later Diana) Ross, and Betty McGlown for the spin-off act.[5] The Distants Otis Williams had moved from his native Texarkana, Texas to Detroit as a young boy, to live with his mother.[7] By 1958, he was the leader of Otis Williams & the Siberians, a doo-wop group that included Williams, his friend Elbridge "Al" Bryant, James "Pee-Wee" Crawford, Vernard Plain, and Arthur Walton.[8] This quintet recorded the single "Pecos Kid" backed with "All of My Life" for a label run by local radio deejay Senator Bristol Bryant.[8] The single never took off outside the local Detroit market, and the Siberians changed their name to The El Domingoes shortly afterward.[5] At this time, more changes took place. Montgomery, Alabama native Melvin Franklin replaced Arthur Walton as the bass singer, and Franklin's cousin Richard Street replaced Vernard Plain as lead singer.[9] The group soon signed with Northern Records, run by Johnnie Mae Matthews, who renamed the group The Distants. The Distants recorded two singles for Northern, "Come On" (1959, featuring additional background vocals by the Andantes), and "Alright" (1960).[9] Between these two releases, Albert "Mooch" Harrell replaced Pee-Wee Crawford.[9] "Come On" was a local hit for the Distants, and the Warwick label picked the record up for national distribution.[9] After the release of "Alright", Matthews appointed Williams the group leader, and the group was renamed Otis Williams & the Distants.[10] [edit] Influences and colleagues The Primes and the Distants were but two of dozens of local male vocal acts, the most famous of which was the Miracles, led by Smokey Robinson. The Miracles were known for their stage show, and their pop success was something for which both groups strived.[11] Other important inspirations included the Cadillacs, Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers, the Drifters, and the Isley Brothers.[12] The various members of The Primes and the Distants who would later become part of the Temptations met a number of their later Motown bandmates, labelmates, and producers during the early part of their careers. Melvin Franklin had been a member of the recording group the Voice Masters, which also included among its ranks Lamont Dozier and David Ruffin.[9] The musicians at the recording session for the Distants' "Come On" included James Jamerson on bass; the Andantes on background vocals; and Norman Whitfield on tambourine.[9] A promotional image of the original early 1960s Temptations lineup. Clockwise from top right: Otis Williams, Paul Williams, Melvin Franklin, Eddie Kendricks, and Elbridge "Al" Bryant. [edit] Forming the Temptations Although "Come On" was a local success in the Detroit area, the Distants never saw much of their share from the record sales, and the second single was not as successful. After receiving an offer from Berry Gordy of Motown Records, the group got out of its contract with Matthews and left Northern. At the same time, it lost Mooch Harrell, Richard Street, and the rights to use its name. Street would front a new group of Distants for the local Thelma label during the early 1960s. The Distants were acquainted with the Primes, as both groups made the same rounds to local record hops, talent shows, and concerts. The two groups were friendly rivals. The Primes disbanded in 1960 when Kel Osbourne moved to California, and Eddie Kendricks and Paul Williams returned to Alabama. While in Detroit visiting relatives, Kendricks called Otis Williams who, needing two more members for an audition for Gordy, offered Kendricks a place in the Distants. Kendricks agreed, with one condition -- that he could bring Paul Williams with him. Otis Williams agreed, and Kendricks and Paul Williams moved back to Detroit to join the group. The new lineup of Otis Williams, Franklin, Bryant, Kendricks, and Paul Williams took on the name The Elgins and auditioned for Motown in March 1961. Gordy agreed to sign the group to his Miracle Records imprint, but discovered just before signing that there was already a singing group called the Elgins. The quintet quickly began tossing about ideas for a new name on the steps of Motown's Hitsville U.S.A. headquarters. On a suggestion from Miracle Records employee Billy Mitchell and Otis Williams, The Temptations became the group's new moniker. The "Elgins" name would re-surface at Motown in 1965, when Gordy renamed a quartet called The Downbeats as The Elgins. The Temptations released two singles on Miracle, "Oh Mother of Mine" and "Check Yourself", before it was closed and merged with the Gordy label (to avoid confusion with the Miracles singing group). All seven of the Temptations' singles released between 1961 and 1963 failed to make it onto the U.S. pop singles charts; the 1962 single "Dream Come True" made it to number 22 on the R&B chart. Paul Williams and Kendricks split most of the leads during this period, with Bryant, Otis Williams, and Franklin occasionally singing lead. Many songwriter and producer teams had been trying to craft a hit for the Temptations, including Berry Gordy, Mickey Stevenson, Clarence Paul, and Norman Whitfield. Gordy had in fact written the song "Do You Love Me" for The Temptations in 1961, but when he was unable to get ahold of the group, he recorded the song with the Contours instead. Miracles lead singer/songwriter/producer Smokey Robinson produced his first Temptations single, the Paul Williams-led "I Want a Love I Can See", in 1963, and proved to have the best rapport with the group. Elbridge Bryant, who preferred his day job as a milkman to performing, soon became restless and uncooperative. After a performance at the 1963 Motown company Christmas party, Bryant was fired from the group. His replacement was Meridian, Mississippi native David Ruffin, younger brother of Motown artist Jimmy Ruffin. Though both Ruffin brothers were considered, David was given an edge over Jimmy thanks to his performance skills, which David displayed when he joined the Temptations on-stage during a local Detroit performance earlier that year.[13] The "Classic Five" lineup of the Temptations, circa 1965. Left to right: Melvin Franklin, Eddie Kendricks, Otis Williams, Paul Williams, and David Ruffin. The "Classic Five" era In January 1964,Miracles members Smokey Robinson and Bobby Rogers co-wrote and produced "The Way You Do the Things You Do" with Kendricks on lead; the single became the Temptations' first Top 20 hit that April. While traveling as part of Motown's Motortown Revue later that year, Robinson and fellow Miracle Ronnie White wrote a song for the emotive Ruffin to sing lead on, which the group recorded in the fall of 1964. Released as a single on December 24, 1964, "My Girl", became the Temptations' first number-one pop hit in March 1965, and is their signature song to this day. David Ruffin's emergence as lead singer gave way to the Temptations' most successful period, today referred to as the "Classic Five" era, during which Ruffin, Kendricks, Franklin, Otis Williams, and Paul Williams recorded many of the group's most familiar hits. After the success of "My Girl", Ruffin sang lead on the next three Temptations singles: "It's Growing", "Since I Lost My Baby" and "My Baby", all of which made it to the Top 20 in 1965. The b-side to "My Baby", "Dont Look Back", featured a lead from Paul Williams, and was a sleeper hit on the R&B charts. In 1966, Norman Whitfield became the Temptations' new main producer, after his "Ain't Too Proud to Beg" performed better than Robinson's "Get Ready" on the U.S. pop charts. Whitfield began pushing the group away from Robinson's ballad-based production towards a harder-edged and brass-heavy soul sound reminiscent of the work of James Brown. Nearly all of the pre-1968 Whitfield-produced Temptations singles featured David Ruffin on lead vocals, including the R&B number-one/pop Top 10 hits "Beauty Is Only Skin Deep" and "(I Know) I'm Losing You". Other singles from this period included "You're My Everything", on which Eddie Kendricks and David Ruffin share lead vocals, and "All I Need", produced by Whitfield's protg Frank Wilson. Whitfield's writing partners during this period included Roger Penzabene, Temptations road show manager/guitarist Cornelius Grant, and Edward Holland, Jr.. After Eddie Holland left Motown with the rest of the Holland-Dozier-Holland songwriting/production team in 1967, Barrett Strong (who sang Motown's first hit, 1960's "Money (That's What I Want)") began working with Whitfield and Penzabene on Temptations material. Two of Whitfield/Strong/Penzabene's collaborations, "I Wish It Would Rain" and "I Could Never Love Another (After Loving You)", became hits in 1968. Strong became Whitfield's sole collaborator after Penzabene's suicide in December 1967. Exit David Ruffin Between 1964 and 1968, the Temptations went from unknown hopefuls to international stars. The group appeared frequently on television shows such as American Bandstand and The Ed Sullivan Show, and catered to middle America with a pop standards album (The Temptations in a Mellow Mood, 1967) and performances at the Copacabana in New York City and other such supper clubs. Outside of music, the Temptations were made honorary members of Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. Initially laid back and even-keeled, by 1967 David Ruffin felt that he was almost single-handedly responsible for the group's success. He demanded special treatment, riding to and from gigs in a private mink-lined limousine with his then-girlfriend, singer Tammi Terrell (known for her duets with Marvin Gaye), instead of in the group limousine the other four Temptations used. Ruffin missed a number of rehearsals, concerts, and group meetings; and began regularly using cocaine. After seeing how Motown had made Diana Ross the focus of the Supremes by renaming the group Diana Ross & the Supremes, Ruffin demanded that his group be renamed, as well -- to David Ruffin & the Temptations. Additionally, Ruffin was demanding an accounting of the Temptations' earnings, which caused friction between him and Berry Gordy. There was general agreement among the rest of group that Ruffin needed to be replaced. Otis Williams insists that Ruffin was given fair warning that if he did not change his attitude he would be fired. When Ruffin missed a June 1968 engagement at a Cleveland supper club in order to attend a show by his new girlfriend (Dean Martin's daughter Gail), it was decided that he had crossed the line. The other four Temptations drew up legal documentation firing Ruffin from the group, and Dennis Edwards, formerly of the Contours, was hired to replace him. Edwards and Ruffin were good friends, and Ruffin at first went along with the changing of the guard. After a short time, however, Ruffin began turning up at Temptations shows, jumping onstage during performances of the songs he once sang lead on and stealing the spotlight. The audiences were delighted, but the Temptations and Motown were frustrated and embarrassed. Extra security guards were hired to prevent Ruffin from attending other Temptations' performances. Ruffin sued Motown in October 1968, seeking a release from the label, and Motown settled by offering Ruffin a solo recording deal. Beginning in 1968, Berry Gordy commissioned a number of collaborations for the Temptations with Diana Ross & the Supremes. The results included a joint tour, two studio albums (Diana Ross & the Supremes Join the Temptations, which featured the number-two hit single "I'm Gonna Make You Love Me", and Together), and two NBC television specials, TCB (aired December 9, 1968) and G.I.T. on Broadway (aired November 12, 1969). The tracks for Diana Ross & the Supremes Join the Temptations included Dennis Edwards' first studio recordings with the Temptations. Psychedelic soul Dennis Edwards' addition to the Temptations coincided with producer Norman Whitfield's adoption of a new sound for the group. In the fall of 1968, Whitfield began producing psychedelic-based material for the Temptations, derived primarily from the sound of funk band Sly & the Family Stone. This new style, which debuted with the Top 10 hit single "Cloud Nine" in October 1968, was a marked departure from the David Ruffin-era ballads. The instrumentation was funkier, the beat was hard-driving, and all five Temptations traded lead vocals, similar to Sly & the Family Stone. "Cloud Nine", the centerpiece of the group's landmark Cloud Nine LP, was a Top 10 hit and won Motown its first Grammy Award, for Best R&B Vocal Group Performance of 1969. The blending of the Motown sound and psychedelic rock sound resulted in a new subgenre of music called "psychedelic soul", also evident in the work of Diana Ross and the Supremes ("Reflections", "Love Child"), Marvin Gaye's version of "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", and the music of the Fifth Dimension and War. More Temptations psychedelic soul singles would follow in 1969 and 1970, among them "Runaway Child, Running Wild" (a number-one R&B hit), "I Can't Get Next to You" (a number-one pop hit), "Psychedelic Shack" , "Ball of Confusion (That's What the World Is Today)", and "Ungena Za Ulimwengu (Unite the World)". Exit Eddie Kendricks and Paul Williams During the late-1960s, Paul Williams' physical and mental health began to decline sharply. Williams suffered from both depression and sickle-cell disease, and also developed alcoholism, all of which made it hard for him to continue performing. Oxygen tanks were kept in the wings of performance venue stages for Williams, and the other four Temptations made valiant efforts to raid and drain his alcohol stashes. By 1969, former Distant Richard Street, now lead singer of Motown act The Monitors, was touring with the group as a backup replacement for Williams. For most shows, Street would sing Williams' parts (save for his solo numbers) from offstage behind a curtain, while Williams danced and lip-synched onstage. At other shows, and during most of the second half of 1970, Street took Williams' place onstage. As Paul Williams' health failed, Eddie Kendricks became detached from the group. He regularly picked fights with Otis Williams and Melvin Franklin over the group's leadership. In addition, Kendricks was uncomfortable with the psychedelic soul material the group was now performing, preferring the ballad material from the earlier days. Kendricks rekindled his friendship with David Ruffin, who persuaded him to quit the Temptations and go solo. After another confrontation between himself, Otis Williams, and Franklin during a November 1970 Copacabana engagement, Kendricks walked out in-between shows and did not return. Both Franklin and Otis Williams agreed at this time that Kendricks would be leaving the group. Before Kendricks officially left the Temptations, he and Paul Williams recorded the lead vocals for "Just My Imagination (Running Away with Me)", a lush, wistful ballad that became Kendricks' Temptations swan song. Released as a single in January 1971, "Just My Imagination" began steadily climbing the U.S. pop singles chart. By the time "Just My Imagination" hit number-one in March, Kendricks had negotiated his release from the group and signed a solo deal with Motown's Tamla imprint. Kendricks' original replacement was Ricky Owens, from the Los Angeles-based vocal group the Vibrations. However, Owens gave poorly-received performances during the few shows he performed with the group, and he was dropped after only a few weeks. During most of the spring of 1971, the Temptations remained a quartet, and re-recorded the single "It's Summer" without a fifth member. In April, Paul Williams quit the Temptations, after a medical declaration that he was unable to continue performing. Richard Street officially took his place, while Williams remained on the group's payroll as an advisor and choreographer. After Williams had recovered enough to perform again, Motown made plans for a Paul Williams solo career, but he died at age 34 in Detroit on August 17, 1973. Williams' death was ruled a suicide. The Temptations in the early 1970s By May, The Temptations had found a permanent replacement first tenor in twenty-year-old Baltimore native Damon Harris. Otis Williams, Edwards, Franklin, Street, and Harris continued recording and performing, and Norman Whitfield continued producing hits for them. Among these were Top 40 hits such as "Superstar (Remember How You Got Where You Are)" (1971), a message from the Temptations to the estranged David Ruffin and Eddie Kendricks, and "Take a Look Around" (1972). The fall of 1972 saw the release of Whitfield's magnum opus, "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone". Originally a three-minute record written and produced for the Undisputed Truth, Whitfield took the sombre tune and created a sprawling, dramatic eleven and -minute version for the Temptations. An edited seven-minute version was released as a single in September 1972, hitting number-one on the pop charts and number-five on the R&B charts. In 1973, "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone" won the Temptations their second Grammy for Best R&B Performance by a Group. Whitfield and arranger/conductor Paul Riser won the award for Best R&B Instrumental Performance with the instrumental version of "Papa" on the single's b-side, and Whitfield and Barrett Strong won the songwriters' Grammy for Best R&B Song. After "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone", Whitfield stopped working with Barrett Strong, and began writing the Temptations' material on his own. The success of "Papa" led Whitfield to create more elongated, operatic pieces, including the Top 40 hit "Masterpiece" (1973) and several of the tracks on the resulting Masterpiece album. Tensions developed between Whitfield and the group, who found Whitfield arrogant and difficult to work with. The group cited his habitual tardiness, his emphasis of the instrumental tracks over the vocals on many of his productions, and the declining singles and albums sales as other sources of conflict. Otis Williams complained about Whitfield's actions and the Temptations' stagnant sales to Berry Gordy, who intervened and reassigned them to Jeffrey Bowen, co-producer of the 1967 In a Mellow Mood album. The final Norman Whitfield-produced Temptations album, 1990, was released in late 1973, and included the Top 30 single "Let Your Hair Down". Whitfield left Motown shortly afterwards, and in 1975 established Whitfield Records, taking with him the Undisputed Truth, Willie Hutch, and Rose Royce, who performed the instrumental track for "Let Your Hair Down". Dry spell Bowen's first LP with the Temptations was January 1975's A Song for You, which included a cover of the titular Leon Russell tune (popularized with soul audiences by Donny Hathaway), along with the pop Top 40/R&B number-one hits "Happy People" (featuring the Commodores as the instrumentalists) and "Shakey Ground" (featuring instrumentation by Funkadelic's Eddie Hazel and Billy Bass Nelson), and "Glasshouse", the group's final Top 40 Pop hit. Damon Harris was fired from the group during the recording of A Song for You, as his behavior and work ethic were deemed unprofessional.[14] His replacement was Washington, D.C. native Glenn Leonard, formerly of the Unifics.[15] A number of producers, including Bowen, Brian Holland, James Carmichael, and even the Temptations themselves tried producing hits for the next three LPs, House Party (November 1975), Wings of Love (March 1976), and The Temptations Do the Temptations (August 1976). None of these recordings were as commercially successful as A Song for You, and none of their singles entered the Billboard Hot 100 Top 40.[16] As time progressed, Bowen pushed Dennis Edwards further to the front. This was evident in on Wings of Love, which features Edwards' voice more prominently than the other Temptations' backing vocals.[17] Otis Williams felt that this was hurting the group, and after The Temptations Do the Temptations was recorded in 1976, Edwards was fired from the group.[18] His replacement was Louis Price. The Temptations left Motown for Atlantic Records, citing Motown's inattention as the reason for their declining sales and popularity.[19] However, the group's releases on Atlantic -- Hear to Tempt You (1977), Bare Back (1978), and their associated singles -- failed to perform better than their last handful of Motown singles, and in 1979 Atlantic released the group from its contract.[17] Shortly afterwards, the Temptations met with Smokey Robinson and Berry Gordy, and the group re-signed with Motown in 1980.[20] ] Return to Motown and Reunion Upon the return to Motown, Louis Price departed from the group and joined the Drifters. Dennis Edwards, who had been inactive for the previous three years despite remaining with Motown as a solo act, returned to the lineup. Berry Gordy co-wrote and produced the Temptations' first single under the new contract, "Power", from the album of the same name. "Power" missed the Billboard Hot 100 Top 40, but hit number 11 on the R&B charts. Two years of underperforming singles and albums followed, including an eponymous album with Philadelphia-based producer Thom Bell, until Motown began planning a Temptations reunion tour in 1982. Eddie Kendricks and David Ruffin agreed to rejoin the group for the Reunion album and tour. Melvin Franklin's nephew, Motown funk star Rick James (who had previously used the Temptations as backup vocalists on his 1981 hit "Super Freak"), wrote, produced, and guested on the Reunion album's lead single, "Standing on the Top", which featured Ruffin, Kendricks, and Edwards on lead. The single went to number-six on the R&B charts. While the ensuing Reunion tour with all seven Temptations (Ruffin, Kendricks, Otis Williams, Franklin, Edwards, Richard Street, and Glenn Leonard) was financially successful, it ended up being a stressful venture: Kendricks' voice had weakened after decades of chain smoking, and Ruffin, still addicted to drugs, missed a number of the performances. At the conclusion of the Reunion tour, Ruffin and Kendricks were fired, and they began touring and performing together as a duo. One more album, Surface Thrills, was released in 1983. It featured a sharp departure in the group's sound by incorporating elements of then-current rock. Following its release, Glenn Leonard left and was replaced by Ron Tyson. Tyson had been a songwriter at Atlantic during the Temptations' time there, and co-wrote several songs on the album Hear To Tempt You. [edit] From the 1980s to the 1990s By this time, the Temptations' releases were no longer performing well on the pop charts, though they sometimes made the R&B Top 20. "Love on My Mind Tonight", a single from Surface Thrills, made it to number 17. "Sail Away", produced by a returning Norman Whitfield and featuring Ron Tyson's first lead vocal, peaked at number 13. Dennis Edwards was again fired in 1984, this time for missing rehearsals, or showing up hungover. He attempted a second solo career, and his place was taken by Ali-Ollie Woodson, who had been a potential candidate to replace Edwards back in 1977. The album Back to Basics was released; it was the first album featuring Ron Tyson, and featured one track with Woodson, "Stop the World Right Here (I Wanna Get Off)". Woodson's first lead on a single was 1984's "Treat Her Like a Lady", co-written by himself and Otis Williams, and co-produced by Al McKay and Ralph Johnson, formerly of Earth, Wind and Fire. The single became their biggest success on R&B radio in some time, reaching number-two on the R&B charts, and just missing the Pop Top 40. The group experienced similar success the following year with the single "Lady Soul", another Top 5 R&B smash. On July 13th 1985, Eddie Kendricks and David Ruffin would achieve "World comeback" recognition for their performances with Pop/Rock superstars Daryl Hall and John Oates(Hall and Oates) in a performance given at the "Live Aid" concert in Philadelphia televised world wide. The segment with Kendricks and Ruffin included a Medley of "Get ready/The way you do the things you do/My Girl. The combination of Hall, Oates, Ruffin and Kendricks went on to perform the resurrected Hall and Oates hit (made popular by the English artist Paul Young), "Every time you go away". This was the exact performance the singing quartet had just recorded live in a sold out performance for the "reopening" of the historic Apollo Theater. The medley recorded on "Live at the Apollo" for RCA, became a top 20 hit on the pop charts. Ollie Woodson remained with the Temptations until 1987, when he was fired and replaced by an again-returning Dennis Edwards. The group recorded one album during Edwards' third tenure, Together Again, released in late 1987. The following year, Otis Williams published his autobiography, Temptations, co-written with Patricia Romanowski, chronicling the careers of the group from the Primes/Distants days to the present, and focusing on the lives of Williams and Melvin Franklin. An updated version of the book was published in 2002. Edwards was fired for the third and final time in late 1989, with Woodson re-joining the lineup. Also that year, the Temptations were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, honoring Edwards, Franklin, Otis Williams, David Ruffin, Eddie Kendricks (now performing as "Eddie Kendrick"), and, posthumously, Paul Williams. Most of the Temptations, present and former, showed no ill feelings towards each other, although Otis Williams reported that Kendricks would not speak to him during the ceremony. [21] The Temptations ended their induction with Paul Willaims' signature song, "Don't Look Back", dedicated to his memory. After reuniting at the induction ceremony, Edwards, Ruffin, and Kendrick made plans to tour and record as "Ruffin/Kendrick/Edwards, Former Leads of The Temptations". The tour was carried out, much to the chagrin of Otis Williams and Motown, but production on an album was terminated when Ruffin, age 50, died on June 1, 1991 in Philadelphia after a drug overdose. Kendrick was diagnosed with lung cancer but continued to perform; he died on October 5, 1992 at the age of 52, in his native Birmingham. The Temptations in the 1990s From the 1990s on, the Temptations' lineup began to change more frequently than before. Richard Street missed a performance in 1992 after undergoing emergency surgery to remove kidney stones. Otis Williams was not aware of Street's surgery, and called him, angry about Street's absence. Street felt Williams was unsympathetic, and as a result, he left the group in 1993 after twenty-two years. His replacement was St. Louis native Theo Peoples. Two years later, Melvin Franklin was forced to stop performing because of failing health. He died on February 23, 1995 at the age of 52, after suffering a brain seizure. Ray Davis from Parliament/Funkadelic came on as new bass, and the group recorded the pop standards album For Lovers Only, which contained two tracks led by Melvin Franklin. Davis left shortly after completing the album, due to a throat cancer diagnosis. The group continued as a quartet for a short time, before recruiting bass Harry McGilberry, a former member of The Futures. For Lovers Only would also be the last for lead Ali-Ollie Woodson; he was released from the group in 1996 due to health problems, having suffered two battles with throat cancer. He was replaced by his fill-in from his first health concern, new member Terry Weeks. The new Temptations lineup, consisting of Otis Williams, Ron Tyson, Theo Peoples, and newcomers Harry McGilberry and Terry Weeks, debuted at the halftime show of Super Bowl XXXII, which celebrated the 40th anniversary of Motown. In 1998, The Temptations released Phoenix Rising, their first million-selling album in over twenty years. The album was anchored by the Theo Peoples-led single "Stay", a number-one hit on the adult contemporary charts that featured a sample from The Temptations' "My Girl". During the recording of Phoenix Rising, however, Theo Peoples departed, and was replaced by Barrington "Bo" Henderson. The completed album features both Henderson and Peoples (who later joined the Four Tops) on different tracks. A scene from the 1998 Temptations NBC miniseries. The Temptations mini-series Main entry: The Temptations (miniseries). Nineteen ninety-eight also saw the debut of The Temptations, a four-hour television miniseries based on Otis Williams' Temptations autobiography. It was broadcast in two parts on NBC on November 1 and November 2, 1998. The miniseries was a ratings success and won an Emmy award for Best Direction; it was subsequently rerun on the VH-1 cable television network and released to VHS and DVD. Otis Williams' former wife Josephine, Melvin Franklin's mother Rose Franklin, and David Ruffin's family, jointly filed a lawsuit against Williams, Motown, de Passe Entertainment, Hallmark Entertainment, and NBC for a number of charges, including defamations of character. The judges ruled in favor of the defendants, and the ruling was upheld when the plaintiffs appealed in 2001. Williams later claimed that, although his book was used as the source material for the film, he did not have a great deal of control over how the material was presented. From 2000 to the present day The Temptations were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999. In 2001, their 2000 album Ear-Resistible won the group its third Grammy, this one for Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance. Three classic Temptations songs, "My Girl", "Ain't Too Proud to Beg", and "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone", are among The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. Bo Henderson was fired from the group in 2003, prompting a wrongful termination lawsuit [22]. His replacement was former Spinners lead G.C. Cameron. The lineup of Cameron, Otis Williams, Ron Tyson, Harry McGilberry, and Terry Weeks recorded for a short time before Harry McGilberry was dismissed;[23] his replacement was former Spaniels bass Joe Herndon. McGilberry died on April 3, 2006, at age 56. The group's final Motown album, Legacy, was released in 2004. Later that year, The Temptations asked to be released from their Motown contract, and moved to another Universal Motown Records Group label, New Door Records. Their latest album, Reflections, was released on January 31, 2006, and contains covers of several popular Motown songs, including Diana Ross & the Supremes' "Reflections", the Miracles' "Ooo Baby Baby", Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell's "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing", and the Jackson 5's "I'll Be There".[24] The Temptations were nominated for the 2007 Grammy Award for Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance, for their version of Gaye's "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)" from Reflections. G.C. Cameron left the group in June of 2007 to focus on his solo career.[25]. The current lineup is Otis Williams, Ron Tyson, Terry Weeks, Joe Herndon, and new member Bruce Williamson. Splinter groups Several former Temptations continue to perform outside of the group in spin-off or offshoot acts. The most well known splinter was "Ruffin/Kendrick/Edwards: Former Leads of the Temptations", which featured the three former Temptations and three other members (David Sea, who'd been a consideration to replace Edwards in 1984, Nate Evans, a former member of The Impressions, and a female vocalist). Following David Ruffin's death, Dennis Edwards and Eddie Kendrick began touring as "The Temptations", still with David Sea and Nate Evans, and bringing in another former Temptation, Damon Harris. The group had different sixth vocalists at different times, including Charles Blackmon and Curtis Taylor.[26] This prompted a legal battle with Otis Williams. Following Kendrick's death, the group splintered: Dennis formed "Dennis Edwards and the Temptations Review," Damon formed "Damon Harris and the Temptations Review" (featuring future Temptation Joe Herndon), David Sea went on to a solo career[27], and Evans and Taylor formed a Temptations tribute band[28]. Dennis Edwards' group tours to this day. The group has appeared on several PBS music specials. The lineup is Edwards, David Sea (baritone, returning in 1999), Mike Patillo (bass since 1993), Chris Arnold (first tenor/falsetto, joined post-2000)[29], and another former Temptation, Ali-Ollie Woodson. Woodson previously fronted an act called Ali-Ollie Woodson & the Emperors of Soul--Emperors of Soul being the name of the 1994 Temptations boxed set. He replaced Bernard Gibson[30][31] in 2007; Gibson was an original 1993 addition, and was in the group for all of their PBS performances. Damon Harris split from his group in the late 1990s; the other four members then joined with another former Temptation, Glenn Leonard, to become "Glenn Leonard and the Temptations Experience." Joe Herndon left this group to join the Temptations[32] His spot was filled by former Temptations bass Ray Davis, and, following Davis' death on July 5, 2005, Harry McGilberry, another former Temptations bass (McGilberry died on April 3, 2006). Damon Harris would form a new group later, billed as "Damon Harris and the Temptations Tribute." Richard Street also leads a group, billed as "Richard Street" or "Richard Street's Temptations"[33]. Street is in the process of writing a book regarding his time with The Temptations entitled Ball of Confusion. If it is published, it will be the second autobiography regarding the group. [edit] Musical style The Temptations' songs depended upon the individual members' interaction as a group; unlike many other R&B groups, each member of the Temptations was a lead singer of some capacity. Although the group always had an appointed main lead singer who dominated most the lead vocals (from Paul Williams to David Ruffin, Dennis Edwards, and later singers such as Louis Price, Ali-Ollie Woodson, and Terry Weeks), that singer was never given more of a promotional push than the other members. Co-lead songs, with two or more of the singers sharing the lead vocals, are common in the Temptations catalog, particularly among the psychedelic-era recordings of the late 1960s/early 1970s The "Motown Sound" The group would alter their style several times over the years following their first Motown hit, adapting to the popular styles of the day while retaining their signature visual and vocal styles. The earliest Temptations recordings reflect the influence of producers Berry Gordy and Smokey Robinson, featuring a blend of black rhythm and blues and white pop music that came to be later identified as the "Motown Sound". Backed by Motown's stalwart studio band, the Funk Brothers, pre-1966 Temptations recordings were built around songs (usually ballads like "My Girl") with simple, direct lyrics supported by an R&B rhythm section with orchestral strings and horns added for pop appeal. During this period, each recording usually featured only one lead singer, usually David Ruffin or Eddie Kendricks, although Paul Williams, Melvin Franklin, and Otis Williams each had solo numbers of their own at various times. Like most Motown groups, melisma and other complicated vocalization techniques were eschewed by the Temptations for a more direct, yet obviously gospel-rooted vocal approach, to make the songs more palpable for white audiences. Creative control remained primarily in Smokey Robinson's hands, although the Temptations, most frequently Eddie Kendricks, periodically co-wrote some of their material. Kendricks also handled the vocal arrangements for all of the Temptations' material. In 1966, Norman Whitfield changed the group's dynamic, moving them away from the previous one lead singer model and adding elements derived from the rougher soul of artists like James Brown, Wilson Pickett, and the performers at Stax Records. Whitfield and his lyricists crafted Temptations songs with shifts of dynamics, syncopated horn stabs, and more intricate harmony arrangements which spotlighted each singer's unique vocal range. Onstage, this change was reflected in the group's use of a custom-made four-headed microphone, which allowed each member freedom to perform without having to all crowd around one or two microphones. Under Whitfield's control, the Temptations retained their white pop appeal, but also gained popularity amongst black audiences as well. Psychedelic and cinematic soul When David Ruffin was replaced by Dennis Edwards, and Sly and the Family Stone became popular, Whitfield again restructured the Temptations' sound, this time driving the group almost completely into a "psychedelic soul" sound. Recordings from this period (such as "Cloud Nine" and "Psychedelic Shack") featured echoed vocal tracks, distorted guitar lines with prominent use of the wah-wah pedal, hard-hitting drums, and various stereo effects and sound effects. The majority of these songs feature at least two lead singers; often, all five Temptations sang lead, trading bars a la the Family Stone. Dennis Edwards, whose vocal style had a rougher, more Southern-soul based sound than David Ruffin's, was featured prominently on most of these recordings. The lyrics for these songs, inspired heavily by Sly Stone's concurrent works, centered primarily around social issues such as integration, the Vietnam War, and self-consciousness. Ballads in the group's traditional style were still being recorded as b-sides and album fillers (the exception being "Just My Imagination"). Many of the psychedelic soul recordings were presented in extended-length mixes longer than the typical three-minute Motown song. Tracks such as the album version of "Run Away Child, Running Wild" from Cloud Nine, "Take a Stroll Thru Your Mind" from Psychedelic Shack, and "Smiling Faces Sometimes" from Sky's the Limit, all run at least eight minutes in length. Much of the running time for each song consists of instrumental passages without vocals, at Whitfield's insistence. The hit version of their smash 1972 single "Papa Was a Rolling Stone" was nearly seven minutes long, with an instrumental intro that was almost two minutes long -- a rarity for songs of that era. "Psychedelic soul" soon gave way to "cinematic soul": Long recordings with detailed orchestration and extended instrumental introductions and bridging passages, oten focusing on lyrics about the ghettos and inner cities of black America. These songs were heavily influenced by the work of singer/songwriters Isaac Hayes and Curtis Mayfield. Unlike Hayes and Mayfield, the Temptations had no creative control over their recordings, and were not fond of the twelve and thirteen-minute long songs that Norman Whitfield was now producing for them. Whitfield's contributions were the focal point of Temptations albums such as Solid Rock, All Directions, and particularly Masterpiec. From funk to disco to adult contemporary After Whitfield was dismissed as the Temptations' producer in 1974, the group altered its sound to accommodate a balance of both up-tempo dance material and ballads. The vocal arrangements began to again focus primarily on one lead singer per track, although leads were still being periodically shared. In addition, the Temptations themselves, after fighting Motown and Berry Gordy for creative control, began to write and produce some of their material. From this point on, the Temptations focused almost exclusively on songs about romance; songs about social issues similar to the Whitfield-era recordings were periodically recorded as well. Mid-1970s Temptations recordings focused significantly on funk music influences from artists such as Parliament Funkadelic and Sly and the Family Stone; members of both acts contributed to Temptations material during this period. The group's ballads, reduced to filler material during much of the Whifield period, were restored to the lush sound of the earlier Smokey Robinson-produced hits. After a brief diversion into disco in the late-1970s, the Temptations settled into an adult contemporary-rooted form of R&B, a style in which they continue to record. As the ages of its members increased, the Temptations' live shows have focused on less intricate choreography, although dancing remains an important aspect of the group's act. Legacy and influence The Temptations, with their tailored suits and detailed choreography, set the bar for male soul and R&B groups. Before the Temptations became popular, most black vocal groups were rough, high-energy acts with rawer vocals and more improvisational dance movements. Only a few performers, including contemporaries Marvin Gaye, Sam Cooke, and the Four Tops, showed the refined style that would be popularized by the Temptations. Berry Gordy insisted his acts be equally appealing to white and black audiences, and employed a creative team to help tailor Motown talent for crossover success. Paul Williams and Motown choreographer Cholly Atkins created the Temptation's trademark precise and energetic, yet refined, dance steps. The most famous of these, the "Temptation Walk", or "Temptation Strut", was adapted from similar moves by the Flamingoes and the Vibrations. From those two sources, Paul Williams crafted the group's signature dance routine. During the 1960s and 1970s, a number of soul groups showed significant influence from the Temptations, among them the Delfonics, the Stylistics, George Clinton's original Parliaments, the Dramatics, and Motown labelmates the Jackson Five. These acts, and others, showed the influence of the Temptations in both their vocal performances and their onstage choreography. Several more recent soul and R&B vocal groups, including the Johnny Gill-led version of New Edition, Jodeci, BLACKstreet, Dru Hill, and, most notably, 1990s Motown act Boyz II Men, also showed significant influence from the Temptations. Temptations songs have been covered by scores of musicians, from R&B singers such as Luther Vandross ("Since I Lost My Baby"), to pop vocalists such as Bette Midler ("Just My Imagination"), to rock bands such as Rare Earth ("Get Ready"), Duran Duran ("Ball of Confusion (That's What the World Is Today)") and the Rolling Stones ("Ain't Too Proud to Beg"). In 1991, British singer Rod Stewart collaborated with the Temptations on the single "The Motown Song". The lives and careers of The Temptations were one of several inspirations for Robert Townsend's 1991 film about a 1960s Motown-esque male group, The Five Heartbeats. In 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked The Temptations #67 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time (Less)
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73, 33:44, 2008-04-17 15:16:05 Description: The Beatles was in de jaren 60 een popgroep uit Liverpool. De groep wordt begin 21ste eeuw nog steeds beschouwd als een van de populairste en invloedrijkste bands uit de geschiedenis van de popmuziek. (More) The Beatles was in de jaren 60 een popgroep uit Liverpool. De groep wordt begin 21ste eeuw nog steeds beschouwd als een van de populairste en invloedrijkste bands uit de geschiedenis van de popmuziek. De reacties van hun tienerpubliek bereikten binnen korte tijd een hysterische omvang. Dit leidde tot de uitdrukking "Beatlemania". In de loop van hun carrire deden ze aan pionierswerk in de geluidsstudio, waarmee ze in bredere kring lof oogstten. De eclectische benadering van de Beatles was een belangrijke factor in de ontwikkeling van de popmuziek, die ten tijde van hun carrire uitgroeide van een op Amerikaanse rhythm and blues gebaseerd genre, tot een veel breder georinteerde vorm van muziek. Beatles-leden John Lennon en Paul McCartney waren de belangrijkste liedjesschrijvers van het viertal. Naast dit tweetal bestond de groep uit George Harrison en Ringo Starr. Enige bekende hits van The Beatles: I Want To Hold Your Hand, She Loves You, Yesterday, Michelle, Yellow Submarine, Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds, All You Need Is Love, Hey Jude, Let It Be, Help! Hun album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band uit 1967 geldt als een mijlpaal in de popgeschiedenis. Opkomst: 1957-1963 De ontwikkeling van de Beatles begon op 6 juli 1957 toen John Lennon tussen de optredens van zijn groep The Quarrymen door op een festival in Woolton, Liverpool, Paul McCartney ontmoette. Die bracht op zijn beurt weer schoolvriendje George Harrison mee. Na diverse personeelswisselingen binnen de groep (belangrijke ex-leden zijn Stuart Sutcliffe en Pete Best) die ook nog eens onder een keur van namen optrad, werden de uiteindelijke Beatles gevormd in 1962 toen drummer Pete Best werd vervangen door Ringo Starr. Starr, wiens echte naam Richard Starkey is, speelde daarvoor bij Rory Storm and the Hurricanes, ook uit Liverpool. De muziek van de Beatles maakte oorspronkelijk deel uit van de Merseybeat en ontwikkelde zich vanaf 1963 explosief. Waren de eerste singles gebaseerd op een drietal akkoorden en inhoud la Love Me Do (de eerste single), al snel werden nieuwe instrumenten en akkoorden ingebracht en werd de muziek complexer. Ook hun vroege singles zijn ruim 40 jaar later te beschouwen als klassiekers. Later werd de sitar ingebracht (1965, Norwegian Wood) en werd voor het eerst een strijkorkest gebruikt voor McCartney's Yesterday (1965). Opmerkelijk bij The Beatles zijn de sterke B-kanten op hun singles, soms werden singles zelfs uitgebracht met een dubbele A-kant (zoals We can work it out/Day tripper en Penny Lane/Strawberry Fields Forever). Doorbraak: 1964-1966 De eerste succesjaren kenmerkten zich door een type massahysterie die zich moeilijk in woorden laat vatten. De Britse pers noemde het in 1963 heel treffend Beatlemania. Hadden de Beatles in dat jaar alleen nog nationaal succes en, heel opmerkelijk, ook in Zweden later dat jaar, vanaf januari 1964 veroverde de groep ook de rest van de wereld. In Australi, de Verenigde Staten, Europa en Azi werden de Beatles immens populair. Ook begonnen de Beatles aan films. De film A Hard Day's Night (1964) is een zwart-wit comedy, eveneens een klassieker. Verder verschenen Help! (1965), Magical Mystery Tour (1967), Yellow Submarine (1968) en Let It Be (1970). Sommige musicologen wijzen erop dat Lennon en McCartney vakkundige componisten waren. Er is gewezen op overeenkomsten met het werk van Bach en Beethoven. De structuur van de muziek wordt geanalyseerd. De Amerikaanse media kregen in 1963 lucht van wat er in Engeland gebeurde en stuurden schamperende verhalen naar huis over die Britse ragebollen met hun schreeuwmuziek. Het wordt zeker niets met deze muziek in Amerika, vonden ze eensgezind. Het was allemaal al eens gedaan. In februari 1964 traden de Beatles op in de Ed Sullivan Show waar 73 miljoen mensen naar keken. Naar verluidt zou er tijdens die uitzending in heel Amerika geen criminele activiteit hebben plaatsgevonden. In april 1964 bezetten de Beatles de eerste vijf plaatsen van de Billboard Top 100. Gedurende 1964 en 1965 zijn de Beatles zeer druk met reizen en optreden. Tournees in Azi, Europa, Australi en de Verenigde Staten werden afgewisseld met studiowerk in London en met filmopnames voor A Hard Day's Night en Help!. Het klassieke album Rubber Soul werd eind 1965 afgeraffeld om de deadline voor de kerstmarkt te halen. Menige andere groep zou onder de druk zijn bezweken. Mede daarom stopten de Beatles in 1966 met toeren. Op 29 augustus 1966 was het laatste concert (Candlestick Park, San Francisco). De druk van het reizen viel de leden uiteindelijk te zwaar. Zo waren er problemen in Amerika na de uitspraak van Lennon dat de Beatles populairder zijn dan Jezus, werden de Beatles in de Filipijnen vrijwel gemolesteerd en afgeperst nadat ze per ongeluk presidentsvrouw Imelda Marcos vergeefs hadden laten wachten op een bezoek voor een diner en werden ze in Japan behandeld alsof ze gevangenen waren. Bovendien hadden de Beatles inmiddels muzikale ideen ontwikkeld die niet op het podium konden worden uitgevoerd. Zo zijn de songs van het monumentale album Revolver, dat in de zomer van 1966 uitkwam, behoudens het nummer 'Taxman', nooit live uitgevoerd, hoewel ze tussen de tournees door wel werden opgenomen. De studiojaren braken dan aan. In een volumineus boekwerk Recording The Beatles verklaren twee geluidstechnici omstandig hoe het kwam dat The Beatles in de studio klonken zoals zij klonken. [1] [2] Studiojaren: 1967-1969 Op 1 juni 1967 verscheen het album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, een album dat de essentie vormt van de jaren '70. Hoewel van het album geen singles werden uitgebracht, werd het album een doorslaand succes. De opnames van de nummers Strawberry Fields Forever en Penny Lane werden gebruikt om deze vroeg in 1967 op single met dubbele A-kant uit te brengen en kwamen niet op de elpee. George Martin verklaarde later dat het ontbreken van deze nummers op de elpee hun grootste blunder was. De elpee stelt de Beatles voor als een andere groep, Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. De extravagante cover (met songteksten, een noviteit in de popmuziek) is beroemd om zijn collage aan beroemdheden, waaronder de Beatles zelf, die Pepper bewonderen. In 1968 gingen de Beatles echter weer de andere kant op en brengen de dubbelelpee The Beatles uit, beter bekend als The White Album, vanwege de minimalistische witte hoes. Toen in de zomer van 1967 manager Brian Epstein overleed, betekende dat langzaam het begin van het einde voor de Beatles. Ze wilden voortaan zelf hun zaken regelen. Met Kerstmis 1967 brachten ze Magical Mystery Tour uit, als een televisiefilm en een bijbehorende EP. De film flopte wegens slechte ideen, slechte filmopnames en een rammelend script. Bovendien zond de BBC de film in zwart-wit uit, een blunder in een tijd waarin alles om kleur draaide. Ook gingen de Beatles in zaken. Apple Corps werd opgericht, met onder meer een kleding- en een filmafdeling en een muzieklabel. Apple Corps was matig succesvol. De Beatles verloren al snel de interesse in het zakendoen, ze maakten liever muziek. De kledingafdeling werd wegens enorme verliezen opgeheven door de complete inventaris weg te geven. Op het Apple-label verscheen Hey Jude als eerste single en werden namen als James Taylor, Badfinger, Mary Hopkin en Jacky Lomax binnengehaald. De filmafdeling maakte zowaar nog wat winst. Yellow Submarine (1968), een film gebaseerd op de gelijknamige hit uit 1966, was een redelijk succes, ondanks dat de Beatles zich er amper mee bemoeiden. John Lennon speelt Give Peace A Chance in 1969Terwijl de Beatles bezig waren met de opnames voor het 'witte' dubbelalbum 'The Beatles' viel de groep verder uit elkaar. Paul McCartney had zich officieus opgeworpen als de leider van de groep nu Brian Epstein overleden was en streek daarmee John Lennon tegen de haren in, die de groep had opgericht. Lennon op zijn beurt sleepte zijn nieuwe liefde Yoko Ono overal mee en dus ook de studio in, waar haar aanwezigheid niet werd gewaardeerd door de overige Beatles. Verder werd Lennons muziek door Ono's invloed extravaganter en had hij songs en singlevoorstellen die voor de overige Beatles te apart waren (What's The New Mary Jane werd door hen voor release tegengehouden, Give Peace A Chance en Cold Turkey zal Lennon later met zijn eigen Plastic Ono band buiten de Beatles om uitbrengen). Ringo Starr kon niet tegen de ruzies, stopte ermee en kwam pas na twee weken en na aandringen van de overige leden weer terug. Januari 1969 bracht de opnames van het Get Back-project, een project om weer terug te keren naar de eenvoud van vroeger. De bedoeling was om weer lekker op te nemen en weer te toeren zonder allerlei toestanden eromheen en dat alles zou dan worden gefilmd, er zou een tournee komen, een single en een album. Dat project faalde eveneens. Er werd niet getoerd, in de plaats deden ze onaangekondigd op 30 januari 1969 een optreden op het dak van hun studio in Londen. De elpee kwam er ook niet, alleen een single (Get Back) en de film laat zien hoe de groep uit elkaar valt, gellustreerd door de ruzie tussen George Harrison en Paul McCartney. George Harrison gooide ook tijdelijk het bijltje erbij neer en ging naar zijn ouders om alles eens flink te overdenken. Het laatste album Abbey RoadMet Abbey Road brachten ze hun laatste succesvolle klassieke elpee uit in september 1969. Stuk voor stuk klassieke opnames, waarbij de ruzies even opzij werden gezet. Kant 2 bevat een medley van onvoltooide songs die aan elkaar zijn geregen. De plaat eindigt heel veelzeggend met The End. (Latere uitgaven vermelden Her Majesty als laatste nummer. Bij de eerste release was het niet bekend dat dit stukje uit de medley achteraan was geplakt. Deze persing is gehandhaafd en de hoes aangepast.) John Lennon kondigde vervolgens aan eruit te willen stappen, maar het nieuws werd stilgehouden. Na een promotionele photoshoot in september 1969 werden de leden echter niet meer samen gezien. In april 1970 verscheen nog Let It Be, een door producer Phil Spector opgepoetst en opgeleukt album met opnames van de Get Back-sessies waar de Beatles geen interesse meer voor hadden, tegelijk met de film. Het voor dit album op 3 januari 1970 opgenomen I me mine was de laatste opname-sessie van The Beatles. Lennon was echter niet bij deze sessie aanwezig. Geen van de Beatles kwam opdagen bij de premire. Op hetzelfde moment bracht Paul McCartney zijn eerste solo-elpee uit (McCartney), met een zelf afgenomen interview in de hoes gestoken waarin hij verklaarde dat de Beatles voorbij zijn. "I didn't leave the Beatles. The Beatles have left The Beatles, but no one wants to be the first to admit it", zou Paul McCartney later verklaren. Na de Beatles Paul McCartney tijdens zijn solocarrire (2004)Er werd in de jaren '70 nog meermalen gepoogd om de groep weer bij elkaar te krijgen. McCartney en Lennon waren in 1974 zelfs nog bij elkaar om wat te jammen, maar van blijvende samenwerking was geen sprake. Toen John Lennon op 8 december 1980 voor zijn huis (Dakota Building aan 72nd street, New York) door Mark David Chapman werd vermoord, was de tijd van de Beatles echt voorbij. Er zijn echter geruchten dat een echte reunie voor 1984 gepland was. Hoewel de groep feitelijk maar acht jaar platensucces heeft gekend, is het oeuvre indrukwekkend te noemen. Hoogtepunten in het repertoire zijn de albums A Hard Day's Night (1964, soundtrack van de klassieke film), Revolver (1966), Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967) en Abbey Road (1969). In 1995 en 1996 brachten George Harrison, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr en Yoko Ono drie dubbel-cd's uit, Anthology getiteld, die speciale versies en outtakes bevatten van Beatlesnummers. De nieuwe singles Free As A Bird en Real Love, waarvoor audiocassettes van John Lennon als basis dienden, brachten The Beatles opnieuw onder de aandacht van het grote publiek. De Anthology-cd's werden in 1996 gevolgd door een documentaire (waarvan een deel als televisiedocumentaire wordt uitgebracht) en in 2000 door een boek waarin "het verhaal van The Beatles wordt verteld door The Beatles zelf". Een tragisch moment was het overlijden van George Harrison op 29 november 2001 in Los Angeles. In november 2003 werd Let it Be opnieuw uitgebracht onder de titel Let it Be.... naked, dit aan de hand van de opnames van het oude album Let it Be, geremasterd maar dit keer zonder Phil Spectors overdreven muzikale overdaad. Een samenwerking met Cirque du Soleil leidde er toe dat George Martin samen met zijn zoon Giles het gehele archief aan mastertapes afkomstig van de Abbey Road Studios doorwerkte om een experimentele pro-tools mix van Beatles geluiden te creeren. Tegen de bedoelingen in (de geluiden zouden gebruikt worden in een Las Vegas show) werd dit werk november 2006 uitgebracht op CD en DVD-Audio onder de naam Love. Het album bevat songs met daaronder diverse partijen die in andere songs gebruikt werden. Anno 2008 is er sprake van het verschijnen van een nieuwe single. Uit het archief wordt er materiaal van een oude Lennon-track gebruikt voor een nieuwe Beatles-track, die Sir Paul McCartney van Lennon's weduwe Yoko Ono heeft gekregen. Het nummer heet "Now And Then"[3]. Op 17 januari 2008 maakt Amerikaanse label Fuego Records bekend te beschikken over live-opnames uit 1962 dat niet eerder is uitgebracht. De DJ heeft destijds de gespeelde nummers van de beatgroep opgenomen op tapes en deze verstuurd aan het label dat het nu graag wil uitbrengen op cd. De nummers waar het om gaat zijn onder meer "Twist and Shout", "I Saw Her Standing There" en "Money"[4]. In 2007 is in de stad Hamburg, waar de internationale carrire van de Beatles begon, op de op de hoek van de Reeperbahn en de Groe Freiheit in de uitgaanswijk St. Pauli een stalen sculptuur gepland die zal herinneren aan de Fab Four uit Liverpool. De initiatiefnemer, het radiostation Oldie 95, hoopt de voor het gedenkteken benodigde 460.000 euro door schenkingen bij elkaar te krijgen en nog in 2007 met de bouw te kunnen starten. (Less)
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14, 03:12, 2008-03-10 17:15:30 Description: I created this movie footage montage as a "trailer" for a movie party at my house (hence the titles at the end).
Movie clips from:
Death Proof
Ronin
Blues Brothers
Death Race 2000
(More) I created this movie footage montage as a "trailer" for a movie party at my house (hence the titles at the end).
Movie clips from:
Death Proof
Ronin
Blues Brothers
Death Race 2000
Gone in 60 Seconds (1974)
The French Connection
The Italian Job
Bullitt
Batman Begins
Matrix Reloaded
T2
The Rock
To Live and Die in LA
Ong Bak
The Dead Pool
Dirty Mary Crazy Larry
Goldeneye
The music is from the Thieving Magpie overture by Gioachino Rossini.
This video was generated for my own amusement. Please don't sue. (Less)
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8, 03:12, 2008-04-22 10:07:37 Description: I created this movie footage montage as a "trailer" for a movie party at my house (hence the titles at the end). Movie clips from: Death Proof Ronin Blues Brothers Death Race 2000 Gone in (More) I created this movie footage montage as a "trailer" for a movie party at my house (hence the titles at the end). Movie clips from: Death Proof Ronin Blues Brothers Death Race 2000 Gone in 60 Seconds (1974) The French Connection The Italian Job Bullitt Batman Begins Matrix Reloaded T2 The Rock To Live and Die in LA Ong Bak The Dead Pool Dirty Mary Crazy Larry Goldeneye The music is from the Thieving Magpie overture by Gioachino Rossini. This video was generated for my own amusement. Please don't sue. (Less)
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533, 07:21, 2008-03-13 11:50:31 Description: A video of every best actress winner at the Academy Awards, from 1928 to 2007. The winners are...
1928 Janet Gaynor - Seventh Heaven as Diane, Street Angel as Angela, AND Sunrise as The Wife (More) A video of every best actress winner at the Academy Awards, from 1928 to 2007. The winners are...
1928 Janet Gaynor - Seventh Heaven as Diane, Street Angel as Angela, AND Sunrise as The Wife (Indre)
1929 Mary Pickford - Coquette as Norma Besant
1930 Norma Shearer - The Divorcee as Jerry Bernard Martin
1931 Marie Dressler - Min and Bill as Min Divot
1932 Helen Hayes - The Sin of Madelon Claudet as Madelon Claudet
1933 Katharine Hepburn - Morning Glory as Eva Lovelace
1934 Claudette Colbert - It Happened One Night as Ellie Andrews
1935 Bette Davis - Dangerous as Joyce Heath
1936 Luise Rainer - The Great Ziegfeld as Anna Held
1937 Luise Rainer - The Good Earth as O-Lan Lung
1938 Bette Davis - Jezebel as Julie Marsden
1939 Vivien Leigh - Gone with the Wind as Scarlett O'Hara
1940 Ginger Rogers - Kitty Foyle as Katherine "Kitty" Foyle
1941 Joan Fontaine - Suspicion as Lina McLaidlaw Aysgarth
1942 Greer Garson - Mrs. Miniver as Kay Miniver
1943 Jennifer Jones - The Song of Bernadette as Bernadette Soubirous
1944 Ingrid Bergman - Gaslight as Paula Alquist Anto
1945 Joan Crawford - Mildred Pierce as Mildred Pierce
1946 Olivia de Havilland - To Each His Own as Josephine Norris
1947 Loretta Young - The Farmer's Daughter as Katrin Holstrom
1948 Jane Wyman - Johnny Belinda as Belinda McDonald
1949 Olivia de Havilland - The Heiress as Catherine Sloper
1950 Judy Holliday - Born Yesterday as Emma 'Billie' Dawn
1951 Vivien Leigh - A Streetcar Named Desire as Blanche DuBois
1952 Shirley Booth - Come Back, Little Sheba as Lola Delaney
1953 Audrey Hepburn - Roman Holiday as Princess Ann
1954 Grace Kelly - The Country Girl as Georgie Elgin
1955 Anna Magnani - The Rose Tattoo as Serafina Delle Rose
1956 Ingrid Bergman - Anastasia as The Woman (aka Anna Koreff or Anastasia)
1957 Joanne Woodward - The Three Faces of Eve as Eve White/Eve Black/Jane
1958 Susan Hayward - I Want to Live! as Barbara Graham
1959 Simone Signoret - Room at the Top as Alice Aisgill
1960 Elizabeth Taylor - Butterfield 8 as Gloria Wandrous
1961 Sophia Loren - Two Women as Cesira
1962 Anne Bancroft - The Miracle Worker as Annie Sullivan
1963 Patricia Neal - Hud as Alma Brown
1964 Julie Andrews - Mary Poppins as Mary Poppins
1965 Julie Christie - Darling as Diana Scott
1966 Elizabeth Taylor - Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? as Martha
1967 Katharine Hepburn - Guess Who's Coming to Dinner as Christina Drayton
1968 Katharine Hepburn - The Lion in Winter as Eleanor of Aquitaine AND Barbra Streisand - Funny Girl as Fanny Brice
1969 Maggie Smith - The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie as Jean Brodie
1970 Glenda Jackson - Women in Love as Gudrun Brangwen
1971 Jane Fonda - Klute as Bree Daniels
1972 Liza Minnelli - Cabaret as Sally Bowles
1973 Glenda Jackson - A Touch of Class as Vicki Allessio
1974 Ellen Burstyn - Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore as Alice Hyatt
1975 Louise Fletcher - One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest as Nurse Ratched
1976 Faye Dunaway - Network as Diana Christiansen
1977 Diane Keaton - Annie Hall as Annie Hall
1978 Jane Fonda - Coming Home as Sally Hyde
1979 Sally Field - Norma Rae as Norma Rae Webster
1980 Sissy Spacek - Coal Miner's Daughter as Loretta Lynn
1981 Katharine Hepburn - On Golden Pond as Ethel Thayer
1982 Meryl Streep - Sophie's Choice as Sophie Zawistowska
1983 Shirley MacLaine - Terms of Endearment as Aurora Greenway
1984 Sally Field - Places in the Heart as Edna Spalding
1985 Geraldine Page - The Trip to Bountiful as Carrie Watts
1986 Marlee Matlin - Children of a Lesser God as Sarah Norman
1987 Cher - Moonstruck as Loretta Castorini
1988 Jodie Foster - The Accused as Sarah Tobias
1989 Jessica Tandy - Driving Miss Daisy as Daisy Werthan
1990 Kathy Bates - Misery as Annie Wilkes
1991 Jodie Foster - The Silence of the Lambs as Clarice Starling
1992 Emma Thompson - Howards End as Margaret Wilcox
1993 Holly Hunter - The Piano as Ada McGrath
1994 Jessica Lange - Blue Sky as Carly Marshall
1995 Susan Sarandon - Dead Man Walking as Sister Helen Prejean
1996 Frances McDormand - Fargo as Marge Gunderson
1997 Helen Hunt - As Good as It Gets as Carol Connelly
1998 Gwyneth Paltrow - Shakespeare in Love as Viola de Lesseps
1999 Hilary Swank - Boys Don't Cry as Brandon Teena
2000 Julia Roberts - Erin Brockovich as Erin Brockovich
2001 Halle Berry - Monster's Ball as Leticia Musgrove
2002 Nicole Kidman - The Hours as Virginia Woolf
2003 Charlize Theron - Monster as Aileen Wuornos
2004 Hilary Swank - Million Dollar Baby as Maggie Fitzgerald
2005 Reese Witherspoon - Walk the Line as June Carter
2006 Helen Mirren - The Queen as Queen Elizabeth II
2007 Marion Cotillard - La Vie en Rose as Édith Piaf
MUSIC: "Windowpane" by Opeth. (Less)
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18, 02:25, 2008-10-14 06:09:02 Description: so i will probably post the final vote video so get your vote in be December 10!I'm listing the set list below too
OFFICIAL SET LIST BY ACTIVISION:
1994 "About a Girl" (Unplugged) (More) so i will probably post the final vote video so get your vote in be December 10!I'm listing the set list below too
OFFICIAL SET LIST BY ACTIVISION:
1994 "About a Girl" (Unplugged) Nirvana
2007 "Aggro" Enemy The Enemy
1970 "American Woman" Guess Who The Guess Who
1980 "Anti-Social" Trust
1993 "Are You Gonna Go My Way" Lenny Kravitz
2006 "Assassin" Muse
2005 "B.Y.O.B." System of a Down
1974 "Band on the Run" Wings
1982 "Beat It" Michael Jackson
1997 "Beautiful Disaster" 311
1980 "Crazy Train" Ozzy Osbourne
1997 "Dammit" Blink-182
"Demolition Man" (Live) Sting
1972 "Do It Again" Steely Dan
1984 "Escuela de Calor" Radio Futura
1997 "Everlong" Foo Fighters
1982 "Eye of the Tiger" Survivor
1994 "Feel the Pain" Dinosaur Jr.
2004 "Float On" Modest Mouse
1999 "Freak on a Leash" Korn
1977 "Go Your Own Way" Fleetwood Mac
here is the setlist for GHWT.ENJOY!
2007 "Good God" Anouk
2008 "Hail to the Freaks" Beatsteaks
1979 "Heartbreaker" Pat Benatar
1995 "Hey Man, Nice Shot" Filter
1978 "Hollywood Nights" Bob Seger & The Silver Bullet Band
1984 "Hot for Teacher" Van Halen
1977 "Hotel California" Eagles
1973 "Joker" "The Joker" Steve Miller Band
1968/2008a "Kick Out the Jams" Wayne Kramer
2006 "The Kill" 30 Seconds to Mars
2005 "L'Via L'Viaquez" Mars Volta The Mars Volta
1987 "La Bamba" Los Lobos
2007 "Lazy Eye" Silversun Pickups
1986 "Livin' on a Prayer" Bon Jovi
1967 "Love Me Two Times" Doors The Doors
1987 "Love Removal Machine" Cult The Cult
1994 "Love Spreads" Stone Roses The Stone Roses
2007 "Misery Business" Paramore Paramore
2005 "Monsoon" Tokio Hotel
1988 "Mountain Song" Jane's Addiction
1980 "Mr. Crowley" Ozzy Osbourne
2005 "Never Too Late" AnswerThe Answer
1987 "No Sleep Till Brooklyn" Beastie Boys
2006 "Nuvole E Lenzuola" Negramaro
2002 "Obstacle 1" Interpol
1980 "On the Road Again" Willie Nelson
2000 "One Armed Scissor" At the Drive-In
1979 "One Way or Another" Blondie
2006 "Our Truth" Lacuna Coil
2008b "Overkill" Motörhead
2002 "Parabola" Tool
2007b "Pretty Vacant" Sex Pistols
1998 "Prisoner of Society" Living End The Living End
1992 "Pull Me Under" Dream Theater
"Purple Haze" (Live) Jimi Hendrix
1973 "Ramblin' Man" The Allman Brothers Band
2008 "Re-Education (Through Labor)" Rise Against
1984 "Rebel Yell" Billy Idol
2006 "Rooftops (A Liberation Broadcast)" Lostprophets
1996 "Santeria" Sublime
1987 "Satch Boogie" Joe Satriani
2001 "Schism" Tool
2007 "Scream Aim Fire" Bullet for My Valentine
2000 "Shiver" Coldplay
1995 "Some Might Say" Oasis
1992 "Soul Doubt" NOFX
1995 "Spiderwebs" No Doubt
2003 "Stillborn" Black Label Society
1975 "Stranglehold" Ted Nugent
"Sweet Home Alabama" (Live) Lynyrd Skynyrd
2002 "The Middle" Jimmy Eat World
1987 "The One I Love" R.E.M.
1967 "The Wind Cries Mary" Jimi Hendrix
1993 "Today" Smashing Pumpkins The Smashing Pumpkins
2007 "Too Much, Too Young, Too Fast" Airbourne
"Toy Boy" Stuck in the Sound
1984 "Trapped Under Ice" Metallica
1970 "Up Around the Bend" Creedence Clearwater Revival
2006 "Vicarious" Tool
2002 "VinterNoll2" Kent
2007 "Weapon of Choice" Black Rebel Motorcycle Club
2007 "What I've Done" Linkin Park
2005 "You're Gonna Say Yeah" HushPuppies
Songs: Everlong: Foo Fighters and Rebel Yell: Billy Idol (Less)
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61, 03:30, 2008-10-15 18:34:53 Description: production)# Righteous Kill (2008)
# What Just Happened? (2008)
# Stardust (2007)
# The Good Shepherd (2006)
# Arthur et les Minimoys (2006)
# Hide and Seek (2005)
# The Bridge of San Luis Rey (More) production)# Righteous Kill (2008)
# What Just Happened? (2008)
# Stardust (2007)
# The Good Shepherd (2006)
# Arthur et les Minimoys (2006)
# Hide and Seek (2005)
# The Bridge of San Luis Rey (2004)
# Meet the Fockers (2004)
# Shark Tale (2004)
# Godsend (2004)
# Analyze That (2002)
# City by the Sea (2002)
# Showtime (2002)
# The Score (2001)
# 15 Minutes (2001)
# Meet the Parents (2000
# Men of Honor (2000)
# The Adventures of Rocky & Bullwinkle (2000)
# Flawless (1999)
# Analyze This (1999)
# Ronin (1998)
# Great Expectations (1998)
# Jackie Brown (1997) .... Louis Gara
# Wag the Dog (1997) .... Conrad Brean
# Cop Land (1997) .... Lt. Moe Tilden
# Marvin's Room (1996) .... Dr. Wally
# Sleepers (1996) .... Father Bobby
# The Fan (1996) .... Gil Renard
# Heat (1995) .... Neil McCauley
# Casino (1995) .... Sam 'Ace' Rothstein
... aka Casino (France)
# Cent et une nuits de Simon Cinéma, Les (1995) .... Le mari de la star-fantasme en croisière
... aka A Hundred and One Nights
... aka A Hundred and One Nights of Simon Cinema
... aka Cent et une nuits, Les (France: short title)
# Frankenstein (1994) .... The Creature
... aka Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (USA: complete title)
# A Bronx Tale (1993) .... Lorenzo Anello
# This Boy's Life (1993) .... Dwight Hansen
# Mad Dog and Glory (1993) .... Wayne 'Mad Dog' Dobie
# Night and the City (1992) .... Harry Fabian
# Mistress (1992) .... Evan M. Wright
... aka Hollywood Mistress (USA)
# Cape Fear (1991) .... Max Cady
# Backdraft (1991) .... Donald 'Shadow' Rimgale
# Guilty by Suspicion (1991) .... David Merrill
... aka Liste noire, La (France)
# Awakenings (1990) .... Leonard Lowe
# Goodfellas (1990) .... James 'Jimmy' Conway
... aka GoodFellas (USA: promotional title (video box title) (poster title))
# Stanley & Iris (1990) .... Stanley Everett Cox
# We're No Angels (1989) .... Ned
# Jacknife (1989) .... Joseph 'Jacknife' Megessey
# Midnight Run (1988) .... Jack Walsh
# The Untouchables (1987) .... Al Capone
# Angel Heart (1987) .... Louis Cyphre
... aka Aux portes de l'enfer (Canada: French title)
# The Mission (1986) .... Rodrigo Mendoza
# Brazil (1985) .... Archibald 'Harry' Tuttle
# Falling in Love (1984) .... Frank Raftis
# Once Upon a Time in America (1984) .... David 'Noodles' Aaronson
... aka C'era una volta in America (Italy)
# The King of Comedy (1982) .... Rupert Pupkin
# True Confessions (1981) (as Robert DeNiro) .... Father Des Spellacy
# Raging Bull (1980) .... Jake La Motta
# The Deer Hunter (1978) .... Michael
# "The Godfather: A Novel for Television" .... Young Vito Corleone (4 episodes, 1977)
... aka Mario Puzo's The Godfather: A Novel for Television (USA: complete title)
... aka The Godfather 1902-1959: The Complete Epic (USA: video title)
... aka The Godfather Novella (USA: alternative title)
... aka The Godfather Saga (USA)
... aka The Godfather: The Complete Novel for Television (USA: alternative title)
- Episode #1.4 (1977) TV episode .... Young Vito Corleone
- Episode #1.3 (1977) TV episode .... Young Vito Corleone
- Episode #1.2 (1977) TV episode .... Young Vito Corleone
- Episode #1.1 (1977) TV episode .... Young Vito Corleone
# New York, New York (1977) .... Jimmy Doyle
# The Last Tycoon (1976) .... Monroe Stahr
# Novecento (1976) .... Alfredo Berlinghieri
... aka 1900 (USA)
... aka 1900 - Gewalt, Macht, Leidenschaft (West Germany: first part title)
... aka 1900 - Kampf, Liebe, Hoffnung (West Germany: second part title)
... aka Novecento - Atto I (Italy: first part title)
... aka Novecento - Atto II (Italy: second part title)
# Taxi Driver (1976) (as Robert DeNiro) .... Travis Bickle
# The Godfather: Part II (1974) .... Vito Corleone
... aka Mario Puzo's The Godfather: Part II (USA: complete title)
# Mean Streets (1973) .... Johnny Boy
# Bang the Drum Slowly (1973) .... Bruce Pearson
# The Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight (1971) .... Mario
... aka The Gang That Couldn't Shoot (UK: cable TV title)
# Born to Win (1971) .... Danny
... aka Addict
... aka Born to Lose
# Jennifer on My Mind (1971) .... Mardigian
# Hi, Mom! (1970) .... Jon Rubin
... aka Blue Manhattan
... aka Confessions of a Peeping John
... aka Son of Greetings
# Bloody Mama (1970) .... Lloyd Barker
# The Wedding Party (1969) (as Robert Denero) .... Cecil
# Sam's Song (1969) .... Sam Nicoletti
... aka Line of Fire
... aka The Swap (USA: recut version)
# Greetings (1968) .... Jon Rubin
# Trois chambres à Manhattan (1965) (Less)
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1, 09:24, 2009-01-05 16:17:19 Description: La palanca es:
a) Un instrumento de medición b) Una maquina simple c) Un elemento biótico d) Una fuente de energía
¿Cuántos metros hay en 2 hectómetros?
(More) La palanca es:
a) Un instrumento de medición b) Una maquina simple c) Un elemento biótico d) Una fuente de energía
¿Cuántos metros hay en 2 hectómetros?
a) 200 b) 20 c) 2000 d) 20000
Los alimentos reguladores aportan al organismo:
a) Grasas b) Carbohidratos c) Minerales d) Proteínas
¿Quién fue el presidente de Venezuela entre 1969 y 1974?
a) Raúl Leoni b) Carlos Andrés Pérez c) Rafael Caldera d) Luis Herrera Campins
Muchas bendiciones para el maestro que dirige el programa numero 1 de la familia venezolana y el mundo entero cargado de conocimientos y cultura para la educación de todos el Dr Eladio Larez, también bendecir a los excelentes participantes de este programa Mary Carmen Rivera y a Jesus Camacho Dios bendiga a RCTV.y a todos los grandes apreciados niños de este programa. (Less)
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77, 01:35, 2009-09-07 10:30:18 Description: Cristiano Ronaldo Is Gone To Real Madrid For 80 Million Pound(Thats 94 Million Euros) This is still the Trailer More Coming Later .... Cristiano Ronaldo Kissing Paris Hilton Leaked Sextape ,, About C (More) Cristiano Ronaldo Is Gone To Real Madrid For 80 Million Pound(Thats 94 Million Euros) This is still the Trailer More Coming Later .... Cristiano Ronaldo Kissing Paris Hilton Leaked Sextape ,, About C Ronaldo Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro was born to Maria Dolores dos Santos Aveiro and Jos Dinis Aveiro. The second given name, "Ronaldo," was chosen after Ronald Reagan, his father's favourite actor and U.S. president at the time.He has one older brother, Hugo (b. 1975), and two older sisters, Elma (b. 1974) and Liliana Ctia (b. Madeira, 5 October 1976). Liliana Ctia works as a singer by the stage name "Ronalda" in Portugal. GOALKEEPERS: Gianluigi Buffon (Juventus), Iker Casillas (Real Madrid), Petr Cech (Chelsea), Edwin van der Sar (Manchester United). CENTRE BACKS: Fabio Cannavaro (Real Madrid), Rio Ferdinand (Manchester United), Paolo Maldini (AC Milan), Alessandro Nesta (AC Milan), Carles Puyol (Barcelona), John Terry (Chelsea). SIDE/ WING BACKS: Philip Lahm (Bayern Munich), Roberto Carlos (Fenerbache), Gianluca Zambrotta (Barcelona), Javier Zanetti (Inter Milan). DEFENSIVE/ CENTRE/ ATTACKING MIDFIELDERS: Cesc Fabragas (Arsenal), Steven Gerrard (Liverpool), Juninho Pernambucano (Lyon), Kaka (AC Milan), Frank Lampard (Chelsea), Andrea Pirlo (AC Milan), Juan Roman Riquelme (Boca Juniors), Ronaldinho (Barcelona), Paul Scholes (Manchester United), Wesley Sneijder (Real Madrid), Francesco Totti (AS Roma), Rafael van der Vaart (Hamburger SV). SIDE MIDFIELDERS/ WINGERS: David Beckham (LA Galaxy), Ryan Giggs (Manchester United), Alexander Hleb (Arsenal), Joaquin (Valencia), Frank Ribery (Bayern Munich), Robinho (Real Madrid), Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester United), Simao Sabrosa (Atletico Madrid). FULL/ SECOND STRIKERS: Emmanuel Adebayor (Arsenal), Samuel Eto'o (Barcelona), Thierry Henry (Barcelona), Zlatan Ibrahimovic (Inter Milan), Wayne Rooney (Machester United), Carlos Tevez (Manchester United), Fernando Torres (Liverpool), Ruud van Nistelrooy (Real Madrid), David Villa (Valencia). The players featured in this video play for countries: Argentina, Belarus, Brazil, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Togo, Wales. Extra tags:C Ronaldo Cristiano Ronaldo c ronaldo compilation c ronaldo vs ronaldinho c ronaldo bicycle kick portugal c ronaldo crying after losing to greece 1-0 c ronaldo euro 2008 best trick joga bonita soccer football c ronaldo tricks c ronaldo season 2007/2008 c ronaldo season 07/08 c ronaldo top 10 goals c ronaldo top ten goals c ronaldo impossible is nothing manchester united real madrid deco rooney zidane england premiership c ronaldo compilation c ronaldo worst trick c ronaldo skills c ronaldo best skills c ronaldo the legacy c ronaldo the best c ronaldo impossible is nothing season07/08 c ronaldo vs ronaldinho freestyle c ronaldo vs zlatan ibrahimovic c ronaldo c ronaldo house c ronaldo skill nemanja vidic rio ferdinand patrice evra wes brown cristiano ronaldo wayne rooney manchester united is the best old trafford theatre of dreams kings of football michael carrick owen hargreaves paul scholes ryan giggs anderson carlos tevez louis saha ji-sung park john o'shea best goals of the season linkin park faint numb westmoorings trinidad and tobago west indies st mary's college leston paul sean de silva Category: Sports Tags: manchester united decade of dominance cristiano ronaldo 06-07 07-08 wayne rooney vs goal best tricks rainbow luis naniManchester United & Portugal's Cristiano Ronaldo is one quick player - but is he quicker than one of the World's fastest production car, the Bugatti Veyron? cristiano ronaldo top 10 goals c ronaldo top 10 goals cristiano top ten goals c ronaldo the best player ever c ronaldo to real madrid c ronaldo the living legend c ronaldo vs ronaldinho c ronaldo skills c ronaldo compilation c ronaldo top 20 goals c ronaldo skills crisitiano ronaldo c ronaldo c ronaldo c ronaldo shoes c ronaldo crying c ronaldo best trick euro 2008 c ronaldo sick free kick (Less)
Channel: 123videoTags: Cup Paris Transfer Engagement Tape Real Cristiano Million Gaillard Goals World Tennis Rugby Ronaldo football Remi American 94 Fifa Madrid Sex Hilton
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0, 10:00, 2008-11-09 01:52:42 Description: 4ª parte del comienzo de esta hermosa serie en este piloto de 1974.
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