Search results for Walled-cities
12, 
01:34, 
2008-04-17 12:34:50 Description: Dubrovnik, Croatia's leading tourist attraction, a clip from "Draculas Neighborhood", an Intrepid Berkeley Explorer free video of Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia, & (More) Dubrovnik, Croatia's leading tourist attraction, a clip from "Draculas Neighborhood", an Intrepid Berkeley Explorer free video of Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia, & Slovenia; featuring the legend of Dracula, Orthodox Church artistic splendor, Sarajevo, Mostar’s bridge, walled city of Dubrovnik, the Postojna Cave + more. To enjoy all of this film, and over 30 other free, non-commercial, streaming travel videos from every continent, plus still pictures, please click on Related Link below, which takes you to my Video Page; or ask a search engine for: Intrepid Berkeley Explorer (Less)
Channel: metacafe Rate it: Rate:
9, 01:34, 2008-04-01 22:42:03 Description: Dubrovnik, Croatia's leading tourist attraction, a clip from “Draculas Neighborhood”, an Intrepid Berkeley Explorer free video of Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia, & Slovenia; featu
Channel: veohTags: dubrovnik croatia walled cities pearl of the adriatic croatia's walled city adriatic Berkeley
Rate it: Rate:
10, 10:10, 2008-01-20 03:38:02 Description: Acre is a town steeped in history. The earliest records of the city go back 4,500 years when it is mentioned as a town paying tribute to Egypt. It is mentioned only once in the Bible, in the book of (More) Acre is a town steeped in history. The earliest records of the city go back 4,500 years when it is mentioned as a town paying tribute to Egypt. It is mentioned only once in the Bible, in the book of Judges as being one of the cities in which the inhabitants were not expelled by Asher.
It changed hands several times, Pompey capturing the city for the Romans around 61BCE. Julius Caesar visited the city as did Paul of Tarsus. Although Caesarea to the south was the capital of the Roman province of Judea, Acre was an important city in the Roman Empire.
Acre was inherited by the Byzantine Empire once the Roman Empire was split in two in the fourth century. The city was taken by the Moslems in the eighth century. It was captured by the Crusaders in 1104. The Crusaders initially bipassed Acre on their march from Antioch to Jerusalem and Acre, alongside many other coastal cities was caputred in 'cleaning up' operations.
Saladin retook Acre in 1187 after the Battle of Hattin which saw the total collapse of the crusader state of Jerusalem. The Crusaders were left only with the town of Tyre but they decided to besiege Acre in a siege that lasted for two years and ended with a Crusader victory in 1191 during the Third Crusade with the aid of the English king Richard I and French king Phillip Augustus. Although the two were said to have had a homosexual relationship, by this time it was over and the two hated each other. During the siege of Acre, Phillip Augustus returned to France and Richard had to consider what was happening at home more than what was going on during the Crusade.
Richard caputred Acre and after failing to come to an agreement with Saladin on the price for the 3,000 defenders, he then murdered them by beheading.
As Richard failed to take Jerusalem, the crusader state now focussed on Acre. In 1292 it was captured by Baybars and the Mamelukes showed the same barbarism as that shown by the Crusaders and butchered any Christian they could lay their hands on.
In the sixteenth century the city was captured by the Ottomans. During World War One, it was taken by the British who incorporated it into the mandate for Palestine.
Acre was handed over to a Palestinian state by the United Nations in the division of the mandate - a decision not accepted by the Arab states who invaded Israel. Israel however managed to counter attack and captured Acre. As can be seen in this film, the population in the Old Town is today largely Arab and the beautiful eighteenth century green mosque dominates the city.
My channel on you tube : http://www.youtube.com/alanheath is one of the most prolific from Poland, although unfortunately not the most visited. With almost one film per day, one may be forgiven for thinking I do nothing else but I do have a day job as well. I have produced more than 400 original films, most in English but also in Polish, French, Italian, Spanish and the occassional hint of German and Hebrew. My big interest in life is travel and history but I have also placed films on other subjects
Please feel free to ask questions in the public area or to comment on things you disagree with. Sometimes there are mistakes because I speak without preparation. If I see the mistakes myself, I make this clear in the text. Please also leave a star rating!
There are a number of films here on the packaging industry. This is because I am the publisher of Central and Eastern European Packaging -- http://www.ceepackaging.com - the international platform for the packaging industry in this region focussing on the latest innovations, trends, design, branding, legislation and environmental issues with in-depth profiles of major industry achievers. Most people may think packaging pretty boring but it possibly effects your life more than you really imagine!
Central and Eastern European Packaging examines the packaging industry throughout this region, but in particular in the largest regional economies which are Russia, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Ukraine and Austria. That is not to say that the other countries are forgotten, they are not, but obviously there is less going on. However the fact that there are so many travel related films here is not from holidays but from business trips attending trade fairs around the region and the sites http://www.ceepackaging.com/articles/... and http://www.ceepackaging.com/articles/... give a pretty good idea where future films are going to come from! Every packaging trade fair is a new excuse to make another film!
In 1997 I founded Polish Business News http://www.pbn.com.pl .There are a number of business related films here and I intend to do many more on CRM (customer relations management).
My blog can be found via http://www.ceepackaging.com and http://www.pbn.com.pl and contains background information and more details of many of my films. This information is in English. (Less)
Channel: youtube Rate it: Rate:
9, 10:10, 2008-04-22 10:31:46 Description: Acre is a town steeped in history. The earliest records of the city go back 4,500 years when it is mentioned as a town paying tribute to Egypt. It is mentioned only once in the Bible, in the book of (More) Acre is a town steeped in history. The earliest records of the city go back 4,500 years when it is mentioned as a town paying tribute to Egypt. It is mentioned only once in the Bible, in the book of Judges as being one of the cities in which the inhabitants were not expelled by Asher. It changed hands several times, Pompey capturing the city for the Romans around 61BCE. Julius Caesar visited the city as did Paul of Tarsus. Although Caesarea to the south was the capital of the Roman province of Judea, Acre was an important city in the Roman Empire. Acre was inherited by the Byzantine Empire once the Roman Empire was split in two in the fourth century. The city was taken by the Moslems in the eighth century. It was captured by the Crusaders in 1104. The Crusaders initially bipassed Acre on their march from Antioch to Jerusalem and Acre, alongside many other coastal cities was caputred in 'cleaning up' operations. Saladin retook Acre in 1187 after the Battle of Hattin which saw the total collapse of the crusader state of Jerusalem. The Crusaders were left only with the town of Tyre but they decided to besiege Acre in a siege that lasted for two years and ended with a Crusader victory in 1191 during the Third Crusade with the aid of the English king Richard I and French king Phillip Augustus. Although the two were said to have had a homosexual relationship, by this time it was over and the two hated each other. During the siege of Acre, Phillip Augustus returned to France and Richard had to consider what was happening at home more than what was going on during the Crusade. Richard caputred Acre and after failing to come to an agreement with Saladin on the price for the 3,000 defenders, he then murdered them by beheading. As Richard failed to take Jerusalem, the crusader state now focussed on Acre. In 1292 it was captured by Baybars and the Mamelukes showed the same barbarism as that shown by the Crusaders and butchered any Christian they could lay their hands on. In the sixteenth century the city was captured by the Ottomans. During World War One, it was taken by the British who incorporated it into the mandate for Palestine. Acre was handed over to a Palestinian state by the United Nations in the division of the mandate - a decision not accepted by the Arab states who invaded Israel. Israel however managed to counter attack and captured Acre. As can be seen in this film, the population in the Old Town is today largely Arab and the beautiful eighteenth century green mosque dominates the city. My channel on you tube : http://www.youtube.com/alanheath is one of the most prolific from Poland, although unfortunately not the most visited. With almost one film per day, one may be forgiven for thinking I do nothing else but I do have a day job as well. I have produced more than 400 original films, most in English but also in Polish, French, Italian, Spanish and the occassional hint of German and Hebrew. My big interest in life is travel and history but I have also placed films on other subjects Please feel free to ask questions in the public area or to comment on things you disagree with. Sometimes there are mistakes because I speak without preparation. If I see the mistakes myself, I make this clear in the text. Please also leave a star rating! There are a number of films here on the packaging industry. This is because I am the publisher of Central and Eastern European Packaging -- http://www.ceepackaging.com - the international platform for the packaging industry in this region focussing on the latest innovations, trends, design, branding, legislation and environmental issues with in-depth profiles of major industry achievers. Most people may think packaging pretty boring but it possibly effects your life more than you really imagine! Central and Eastern European Packaging examines the packaging industry throughout this region, but in particular in the largest regional economies which are Russia, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Ukraine and Austria. That is not to say that the other countries are forgotten, they are not, but obviously there is less going on. However the fact that there are so many travel related films here is not from holidays but from business trips attending trade fairs around the region and the sites http://www.ceepackaging.com/articles/... and http://www.ceepackaging.com/articles/... give a pretty good idea where future films are going to come from! Every packaging trade fair is a new excuse to make another film! In 1997 I founded Polish Business News http://www.pbn.com.pl .There are a number of business related films here and I intend to do many more on CRM (customer relations management). My blog can be found via http://www.ceepackaging.com and http://www.pbn.com.pl and contains background information and more details of many of my films. This information is in English. (Less)
Channel: youtube Rate it: Rate:
0, 00:00, 2009-08-24 07:08:43 Description: In America's deep South, in the shadow of the modern metropolis of Atlanta, Georgia lies the remnants of Native American civilizations thousands of years old. From great walled cities that (More) In America's deep South, in the shadow of the modern metropolis of Atlanta, Georgia lies the remnants of Native American civilizations thousands of years old. From great walled cities that predate the pyramids in Egypt to Georgia's own pyramid-building culture that existed when Europeans first arrived, "Lost Worlds: Georgia" proves that the New World was really an Old World. Forget teepees and dream catchers. Georgia's Indians carved marble statues and housed them in temples built atop multi-story earthen pyramids. "Lost Worlds: Georgia" hopes to dispel many of the outdated stereotypes forged by Hollywood of Native Americans. This groundbreaking documentary takes the viewer back through 4,000 years of Georgia's prehistory on a tour through the state's most important Native American archaeological sites. Part historical documentary and part travelogue, this tour includes never-before-seen footage of several unique sites. This video excerpt features one such site: Ocmulgee Mounds. Located an hour south of Atlanta, this site features an earthen pyramid over eight stories tall! Watch the video to learn more about this impressive site and visit LostWorlds.org to learn about even more amazing Native American archaeological sites. (Less)
Channel: revver Rate it: Rate:
0, 01:02, 2009-05-24 03:28:27 Description: The romantic hotel Ryad Mabrouka is a traditional guest house in an authentic and traditional Arabo-Andalusian setting. Ryad Mabrouka is located in the heart of the ancient Medina in Fez, one of the (More) The romantic hotel Ryad Mabrouka is a traditional guest house in an authentic and traditional Arabo-Andalusian setting. Ryad Mabrouka is located in the heart of the ancient Medina in Fez, one of the most fascinating medieval walled cities of the Arab world. Moroccan architecture Its architecture and décor reflect the history of Morocco: beautifully painted ceilings, stucco, wood carved doors and traditional ceramics. The historic hotel was meticulously and faithfully renovated according to ... (Less)
Channel: youtubeTags: Escapio Hotel Luxury Romantic Hotels Historic Hotels Mansion Hotel 4 Star Hotels Bed & Breakfast
Rate it: Rate:
20, 04:32, 2008-04-12 05:43:20 Description: The song is Karavia Xiotika (ΚΑΡΑΒΙΑ ΧΙΩΤΙΚΑ), which means the Chian Boats. The singer is Pantelis Thalassinos, who is from (More) The song is Karavia Xiotika (ΚΑΡΑΒΙΑ ΧΙΩΤΙΚΑ), which means the Chian Boats. The singer is Pantelis Thalassinos, who is from Chios. The paintings are from the Impressionist Edgar Degas. The model is Evelina Papantoniou, who is from Athens and represented Miss Greece in 2001.
The people of Chios are very proud to be Ionians, and they will mention it often. Chios was part of Ionia, which included Smyrne and Ay Vali (now occupied by Turks). Chios was an ally of Athens in the Peloponnesian war, and its people fought bravely against the Persians as well.
In the city of Chios, there is a square dedicated to Homer, who is said to have come from this lovely Island. Chios is also one of the only places on earth where the Mastic is grown, especially in the south in what is called Mastichoria, which are medieval walled fortress-cities, to protect them from the Turks. The village of Tholopotami is one such walled village that is shown in this video. The village of Mesta is particularly exceptional in its beautiful geometric designs on its walls.
In 1822, the Turks slaughtered 50,000 Greeks in Chios as revenge for the war of Independance that was happening all over Greece. Despite all it went through, Chios is thriving with life and beauty, a place where Hellenism is found everywhere. (Less)
Channel: youtube Rate it: Rate:
55, 06:37, 2008-05-23 07:35:47 Description: Patiala pronunciation (help·info) (Punjabi: ਪਟਿਆਲਾ) is a city in the Punjab state of India. Patiala district is one of the erstwhile princely cities of Punjab. Located in the (More) Patiala pronunciation (help·info) (Punjabi: ਪਟਿਆਲਾ) is a city in the Punjab state of India. Patiala district is one of the erstwhile princely cities of Punjab. Located in the south-eastern part of the state, it lies between 29°49' and 30°47' north latitude, 75°58' and 76°54' east longitude.
It is the administrative headquarters of Patiala District, and was the capital of the premier princely state in the former Punjab Province of British India, headed by the Sidhu dynasty. Patiala is famous for its pagri (traditional headgear), paranda (tasselled tag for braiding hair), peg (Patiala Peg - a double or large peg of whiskey), and Jutti (traditional Punjabi footwear).
Any serving of alcohol which is double than the normal serving, or unusually large, is referred to as the Patiala Peg. This term is understood in most parts of India. There are multiple stories behind this epithet, most related to the opulent and hedonistic lifestyle of one of the maharajas of Patiala - Maharaja Bhupinder Singh, who was a heavy drinker.
Patiala is home town of many eminent personalities like cricketers Navjot Sidhu, Mohinder Amarnath, Reetinder Sodhi, Bollywood Stars Jimmy Shregill, Om Puri, Punjabi Singers Gurdas Mann & Harbhajan Mann, Jet Airways Chairman Naresh Goyal & Sq Ldr Rakesh Sharma, the first and only Indian till date in space.
Gates of Patiala Walled City
* Darshani gate - Main entrance of Qila Mubarak
* Lahouri gate
* Nabha gate
* Samana gate
* Sirhindi gate
* Sheranwala gate
* Safabadi gate
* Sunami gate
* Top Khana Gate
Education
The first printing press of Patiala called "Munshi Nawal Kishore Printing Press" was established in 1870s. Since then Patiala has emerged as a center for Punjabi language. Punjab State Government 'languages department' is headquartered in Patiala city near 'Sheranwala Gate'.
Higher education
# Mohindra College Est. 1875.
# National Defence University of India (Proposed)
# Punjabi University Est. 1962.
# Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Established 1956.
# Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law [4]
# Multani Mal Modi College, Lower Mall est. 1967.
# Bikram College of Commerce, Patiala.
# Government Medical College, Patiala.
# Khalsa College, Patiala
Reputed Schools
* Sun Flower Model High School, Tripuri, Patiala.
* Modern Senior Secondary School Patiala.
* St.Peter's Academy Patiala.
* Our Lady of Fatima Convent High School Patiala.
* Yadavindra Public School Patiala Est. 1948.
* Pheel Khana, Patiala Est. 1955.
* Play Ways High School Patiala.
* Senior Model School, Civil Lines Patiala Est. 1956.
* D.A.V Public School, 22 No. Phatak Patiala.
* New Daffodils Public School Patiala.
* Budha Dal Public School, Lower Mall, Patiala
* Modern Senior Secondary School, Patiala.
* Kendriya Vidyalaya, Patiala.
* Spring Dale Public School, Patiala.
n 1763 Baba Ala Singh laid the foundation of the Patiala fort known as Qila Mubarak, around which the present city of Patiala developed.
Patiala city has many playgrounds, including Polo Ground on Lower Mall Road; which houses an indoor stadium. Other sports facilities include Yadavindra Sports Stadium for athletics, Rink Hall for roller skating, and National Institute of Sports, Patiala. Punjabi University has its own sprawling sports grounds, including a velodrome.
Patiala is seat of many important administrative offices of Punjab state, including Punjab State Electricity Board, Punjab Public Service Commission, Punjab Pollution Control Board, Excise and Taxation Commissioner Office, Chief Engineer PWD (B & R), Punjab Languages Department, and State Bank of Patiala. (Less)
Channel: youtubeTags: beauty bhangra college cool education garden gidha green india knowlegde learn patiala patialvi punjab punjaban thapar
Rate it: Rate:
90, 01:25, 2007-07-11 23:10:35 Description: Sicily is directly adjacent to the region of Calabria via the Strait of Messina to the east. The early Roman name for Sicily was Trinacria, alluding to its triangular shape. The Sensational Sicily (More) Sicily is directly adjacent to the region of Calabria via the Strait of Messina to the east. The early Roman name for Sicily was Trinacria, alluding to its triangular shape. The Sensational Sicily Project http://www.SensationalSicily.com is a collaboration with the Region of Sicily, The Italian Chamber of Commerce, Alessandro Sorbello Productions http://www.alessandrosorbello.com and New Realm Media http://www.newrealm.com.au
The volcano Etna, situated close to Catania, is 3,320 m (10,900 ft) high, making it the tallest active volcano in Europe. It is also one of the world's most active volcanoes.
The Aeolian islands to the north are administratively a part of Sicily, as are the Aegadian Islands and Pantelleria Island to the west, Ustica Island to the north-west, and the Pelagian Islands to the south-west.
Sicily has been noted for two millennia as a grain-producing territory. Oranges, lemons, olives, olive oil, almonds, and wine are among its other agricultural products. The mines of the Enna and Caltanissetta district became a leading sulfur-producing area in the 19th century but have declined since the 1950s. http://youtube.com/watch?v=NJAalPqBuFo&mode=related&search=
Sicily is divided into nine provinces: Agrigento, Caltanissetta, Catania, Enna, Messina, Palermo, Ragusa, Syracuse (Siracusa), Trapani
History
The original inhabitants of Sicily, long absorbed into the population, were tribes known to Greek writers as the Elymians, the Sicani and the Siculi or Sicels. Of these, the last were clearly the latest to arrive on this land and were related to other Italic peoples of southern Italy, such as the Italoi of Calabria, the Oenotrians, Chones, and Leuterni (or Leutarni), the Opicans, and the Ausones. It's possible, however, that the Sicani were originally an Iberian tribe. The Elymi, too, may have distant origins outside of Italy, in the Aegean Sea area.
Phoenicians/Carthaginians, Greeks & Romans
Sicily was colonized by Phoenicians, Punic settlers from Carthage, and by Greeks, starting in the 8th Century BC. The most important colony was established at Syracuse in 734 BC. Other important Greek colonies were Gela, Acragas, Selinunte, Himera, and Zancle or Messene (modern-day Messina, not to be confused with the ancient city of Messene in Messenia, Greece). These city states were an important part of classical Greek civilization, which included Sicily as part of Magna Graecia - both Empedocles and Archimedes were from Sicily. Sicilian politics was intertwined with politics in Greece itself, leading Athens, for example, to mount the disastrous Sicilian Expedition during the Peloponnesian War.
The Greeks came into conflict with the Punic trading communities with ties to Carthage, which was on the African mainland, not far from the southwest corner of the region, and had its own colonies on Sicily. Palermo was a Carthaginian city, founded in the 8th century BC, named Zis or Sis ("Panormos" to the Greeks). Hundreds of Phoenician and Carthaginian grave sites have been found in necropoli over a large area of Palermo, now built over, south of the Norman palace, where the Norman kings had a vast park. In the far west, Lilybaeum (now Marsala) never was thoroughly Hellenized. In the First and Second Sicilian Wars, Carthage was in control of all but the eastern part of Sicily, which was dominated by Syracuse. In 415 BC, Syracuse became an object of Athenian imperialism as exemplified in the disastrous events of the Sicilian Expedition, which reignited the cooling Peloponnesian War.
In the 3rd century BC the Messanan Crisis motivated the intervention of the Roman Republic into Sicilian affairs, and led to the First Punic War between Rome and Carthage. By the end of war (242 BC) all Sicily was in Roman hands, becoming Rome's first province outside of the Italian peninsula.
The initial success of the Carthaginians during the Second Punic War encouraged many of the Sicilian cities to revolt against Roman rule. Rome sent troops to put down the rebellions (it was during the siege of Syracuse that Archimedes was killed). Carthage briefly took control of parts of Sicily, but in the end was driven off. Many Carthaginian sympathizers were killed— in 210 BC the Roman consul M. Valerian told the Roman Senate that "no Carthaginian remains in Sicily".
For the next 6 centuries, Sicily was a province of the Roman Empire. It was something of a rural backwater, important chiefly for its grainfields, which were a mainstay of the food supply of the city of Rome. The empire did not make much effort to Romanize the region, which remained largely Greek. The most notable event of this period was the notorious misgovernment of Verres, as recorded by Cicero in 70 BC, in his oration, In Verrem.
Byzantines
In 440 AD Sicily fell to the Vandal king Geiseric. A few decades later, it came into Ostrogothic hands, where it remained until it was conquered by the Byzantine general Belisarius in 535. But a new Ostrogothic king, Totila, drove down the Italian peninsula and then plundered and conquered Sicily in 550. Totila, in turn, was defeated and killed by the Byzantine general, Narses, in 552. For a brief period (662-668), during Byzantine rule, Syracuse was the imperial capital, until Constans II was assassinated. Sicily was then ruled by the Byzantine Empire until the Arab conquest of 827-902. It is reported in contemporary accounts that Sicilians spoke Greek or Italo-Greek dialects until at least the 10th century, and in some regions for several more centuries.
First Arab invasion of Sicily
In 535, Emperor Justinian I made Sicily a Byzantine province, and for the second time in Sicilian history, the Greek language became a familiar sound across the island. As the power of the Byzantine Empire waned, Sicily was invaded by the Arabs in 652 AD. However, this was a short lived invasion and the Arabs left soon after.
Arab control from Tunisia and Egypt
In around 700, the island of Pantelleria was captured by the Arabs, and it was only discord among the Arabs that prevented Sicily being next. Instead, trading arrangements were agreed and Arab merchants established themselves in Sicilian ports. Then, in 827 a failed Sicilian coup against an unpopular Byzantine governor. Euphemius, a wealthy landowner, who overcame the imperial garrison in Siracusa, declared himself Emperor and invited the Aghlabid Emir of Tunisia to help him. The response was a fleet of 100 ships and 10,000 troops under the command of Asad ibn al-Furat, which consisted largely of Arab Berbers from North Africa and Spain. After resistance at Siracusa, the Arabs gained a foothold in Mazara del Vallo. Palermo fell after a long siege in 831, but Siracusa held out until 878. From 842 to 859 the Arabs captured Messina, Modica, Ragusa and Enna. In 902 Taormina, the last Byzantine stronghold also fell to Arabs and by 965 all of Sicily was under Arab control and Palermo became one of the largest cities in the world.
Emirate of Sicily
Sicily was ruled by the Sunni Aghlabid dynasty in Tunisia and the Shiite Fatimids in Egypt. The Byzantines took advantage of temporary discord to occupy the eastern end of the island for several years. After suppressing a revolt the Fatimid caliph appointed Hassan al-Kalbi (948-964) as Emir of Sicily. He successfully managed to control the Byzantines and founded the Kalbid dynasty. Raids into southern Italy continued under the Kalbids into the 11th century, and in 982 a German army under Otto II was defeated near Crotone in Calabria. With Emir Yusuf al-Kalbi (990-998) a period of steady decline began. Under al-Akhal (1017-1037) the dynastic conflict intensified, with factions within the ruling family allying themselves variously with Byzantium and the Zirids. By the time of Emir Hasan as-Samsam (1040-1053) the island had fragmented into several small fiefdoms. As a virtually an independent emirate, Sicily played a privileged role as bridge between Africa and Europe. Trade flourished and taxes were low. The tolerant regime allowed subjects to abide by their own laws. Despite freedom of worship, Christians freely converted to Islam and there were soon hundreds of mosques in Palermo alone.
The Arabs initiated land reforms which in turn, increased productivity and encouraged the growth of smallholdings, a dent to the dominance of the landed estates. The Arabs further improved irrigation systems. A description of Palermo was given by Ibn Hawqual, a Baghdad merchant who visited Sicily in 950. A walled suburb called the Kasr (the palace) is the center of Palermo until today, with the great Friday mosque on the site of the later Roman cathedral. The suburb of Al-Khalisa (Kalsa) contained the Sultan's palace, baths, a mosque, government offices and a private prison. Ibn Hawqual reckoned 7,000 individual butchers trading in 150 shops.
The Cathedral of Palermo.In addition to Andalusian Arabs and other Arabs, there were Berbers, Persians, Greeks, Jews, Slavs and Lombards. Western Sicily particularly prospered with Berbers settling in the Agrigento area coupled with Bedouin, Syrians and Egyptian Arabs in Palermo.
Muslim rule in Sicily slowly came to an end following an invitation by the Emirs of Catania and Siracusa for a Norman invasion. The Normans, under Count Roger de Hauteville (Altavilla) attacked Sicily in 1061, beginning a thirty year struggle against the Arabs. In 1068, Roger and his men defeated the Arabs at Misilmeri but the most crucial battle was the siege of Palermo in 1072, and the conquest of Sicily was completed by 1091 with the defeat of the last Emir in Noto.
Arab-Norman period (1091-1224)
Following the Norman conquest, Arab influence continued to persist creating a hybrid culture on the island that has contributed much to the character of modern Sicily. The cultural diversity and religious tolerance of the period of Muslim rule under the Kalbid dynasty made Palermo the capital city of the Emirate of Sicily. This continued under the Normans who conquered Sicily in 1060-1090 (raising its status to that of a kingdom in 1130). During this period, Sicily became one of the wealthiest states in Europe, and according to historian John Julius Norwich, Palermo under the Normans became wealthier than the England of its day. After only a century, however, the Norman Hauteville dynasty died out and the south German (Swabian) Hohenstaufen dynasty ruled starting in 1194, adopting Palermo as its principal seat from 1220. But local Christian-Muslim conflicts fueled by the Crusades were escalating during this later period, and in 1224, Frederick II, grandson of Roger II, expelled the last remaining Muslims from Sicily, temporarily relocating many to a colony in Lucera on the southern mainland, while the rest fled to North Africa.
Conflict between the Hohenstaufen house and the Papacy led in 1266 to Sicily's conquest by Charles I, duke of Anjou: opposition to French officialdom and taxation led in 1282 to insurrection (the Sicilian Vespers) and successful invasion by king Peter III of Aragón. The resulting War of the Sicilian Vespers lasted until the peace of Caltabellotta in 1302. Sicily was ruled as an independent kingdom by relatives of the kings of Aragon until 1409 and then as part of the Crown of Aragon.
Spanish control
Ruled from 1479 by the kings of Spain, Sicily suffered a ferocious outbreak of plague (1656), followed by a damaging earthquake in the east of the region (1693). Sicily was frequently attacked by Barbary pirates from North Africa. Bad periods of rule by the crown of Savoy (1713-1720) and then the Austrian Habsburgs gave way to union (1734) with the Bourbon-ruled kingdom of Naples, first as independent kingdom under personal union, then (1816) as part of the kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Sicily was the scene of major revolutionary movements in 1820 and 1848 against Bourbon denial of constitutional government, even though the main request was recognition of an independent status from Naples. The 1848 revolution resulted in a sixteen month period of independence from the Bourbons before its armed forces took back control of the island on 15 May 1849.
In late 1852, Prince Emanuele Realmuto had set up power in North Central Sicily. Highly educated, the prince established a political system set to bring Sicily's economy to the highest levels in all of Italy. The Prince's life however was shortened by an assassination in 1857. To this day some of his work is still present in the Italian parliament.
Italian unification
Sicily was joined with the other Italian regions in 1860 following the invasion of irregular troops led by Giuseppe Garibaldi and the resultant so-called Risorgimento. http://www.greatitalians.com/garibaldi.htm
The new Italian state was a strongly centralized nation, and it did not take long before, in 1866, Palermo revolted against Italy. The city was soon bombed by the Italian navy, which disembarked on September 22 under the command of Raffaele Cadorna. Italian soldiers summarily executed the civilian insurgents, and took possession once again of the island.
A long extensive guerrilla campaign against the unionists (1861-1871) took place throughout southern Italy, and in Sicily, inducing the Italian governments to a ferocious military repression. Ruled under martial law for many years Sicily (and southern Italy) was ravaged by the Italian army that summarily executed thousands of people, made tens of thousands prisoners, destroyed villages, and deported people. The Sicilian economy collapsed, leading to an unprecedented wave of emigration. In 1894 labour agitation through the radical Fasci Siciliani led again to the imposition of martial law.
Map of the Allied landings in Sicily on 10 July 1943.The organised crime networks commonly known as the mafia extended their influence in the late 19th century (and many of its operatives also emigrated to other countries, particularly the United States); partly suppressed under the Fascist regime beginning in the 1920s, they recovered as a side effect of the massive World War II Allied invasion of Sicily on the night of July 10, 1943 when an allied armada of 2,590 vessels freed the then-Fascist Sicily. Mafia was the only organization present in Sicily to be a proved enemy of the Fascist regime and able to offer the Allied occupants a steady grip on the island. The invasion of Sicily was one of the causes of the July 25 crisis.
An autonomous region from 1946, Sicily benefited to some extent from the partial Italian land reform of 1950-1962 and special funding from the Cassa per il Mezzogiorno, the Italian government's indemnification Fund for the South (1950-1984). Sicily returned to the headlines in 1992, however, when the assassination of two anti-mafia magistrates, Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino triggered a general upheaval in Italian political life.
Transport
Main article: Transport in Sicily
Automobile Most of Sicily's motorways (autostrade) run through the northern portion of the island. The most important ones are A19 Palermo-Catania, A20 Palermo-Messina, A29 Palermo-Mazara del Vallo and the toll road A18 Messina-Catania. Much of the motorway network is elevated by columns due to the mountainous terrain. http://youtube.com/watch?v=RcI8fadvwaY
The road network in the south of the country consists largely of well-maintained secondary roads.
Railways Sicily is connected to the Italian peninsula by the national railway company, Trenitalia, though trains are loaded onto ferries for the crossing from the mainland. Officially, the Stretto di Messina, S.p. A. was scheduled to commence construction of the world's longest suspension bridge, the Strait of Messina Bridge, in the second half of 2006. When completed, it would have marked the first time in human history that Sicily was connected by a land link to Italy. In October of 2006 the Italian Parliament scrapped the plan due to lack of popular support, particularly amongst Sicilians.[2].
Air Sicily is served by national and international flights, mostly to European locations, to and from Palermo International Airport and the substantially busier Catania-Fontanarossa Airport. There are also minor national airports in Trapani and on the small islands of Pantelleria and Lampedusa.
Metro The city of Palermo has an urban metropolitan service, handled by Trenitalia, with eleven stations, including an airport stop. Catania also has an underground rail system, which completes the circuit on the circumetnea narrow gauge railway.
Towns and cities
Sicily's principal cities include the regional capital Palermo, together with the other provincial capitals Catania, Messina, Syracuse (Siracusa in Italian), Trapani, Enna, Caltanissetta, Agrigento, Ragusa. Other Sicilian towns include Acireale, Taormina, Giardini Naxos, Piazza Armerina, Bagheria, Partinico, Carini, Alcamo, Vittoria, Caltagirone, Cefalù, Bronte, Adrano, Marsala, Corleone, Castellammare del Golfo, Calatafimi, Gela, Termini Imerese, Francavilla di Sicilia, Ferla, Sciacca, and Abacaenum (now Tripi).
The regional flag of Sicily, recognized since January 2000[3], is also the historical one of the island since 1282. It is divided diagonally yellow over red, with the trinacria symbol in the center. "Trinacria" literally means "3 points" and it most probably is a solar symbol even though lately, it has been considered representative of the three points of the island. The head shown on the Sicilian trinacria is the face of Medusa. The trinacria symbol is used also by other regions like the Isle of Man.
Arts
Palermo is the regional capital of Sicily. Landscape with temple ruins on Sicily, Jacob Philipp Hackert, 1778Sicily is well known as a region of art: many poets and writers were born here, starting from the Sicilian School in the early 13th century, which inspired much subsequent Italian poetry and created the first Italian standard. The most famous, however, are Luigi Pirandello, Giovanni Verga, Salvatore Quasimodo, Gesualdo Bufalino. Other Sicilian artists include the composers Sigismondo d'India, Girolamo Arrigo, Salvatore Sciarrino, Giovanni Sollima (from Palermo), Alessandro Scarlatti (from Trapani or Palermo), Vincenzo Bellini, Giovanni Pacini, Francesco Paolo Frontini, Alfredo Sangiorgi, Aldo Clementi, Roberto Carnevale (from Catania).
Noto, Ragusa and particularly Acireale contain some of Italy's best examples of Baroque architecture, carved in the local red sandstone. Caltagirone is renowned for its decorative ceramics. Palermo is also a major center of Italian opera. Its Teatro Massimo is the largest opera house in Italy and the third largest in the world, seating 1,400.
Sicily is also home to two prominent folk art traditions, both of which draw heavily on the island's Norman influence. A Sicilian wood cart, or Carretto Siciliano, is painted with intricate decorations of scenes from the Norman romantic poems, such as The Song of Roland. The same tales are told in traditional puppet theatres which feature hand-made wooden marionettes, especially in Acireale, the capital of Sicilian puppets.
Sicily is the setting for many classic Italian films such as Visconti's La Terra Trema (1948)and Il Gattopardo (1963), Rosi's Salvatore Giuliano(1962) and Antonioni's L'avventura (1960).
The 1988 movie Nuovo Cinema Paradiso, was about life in a Sicilian town following the Second World War. It is also the setting for Michael Radford's Il Postino (1994) starring Massimo Troisi.
People
The position of Sicily as a stepping stone of sorts in the center of the Mediterranean Basin has lent it strategic importance throughout history, resulting in an endless procession of settlers and conquerors. Modern methods of genetic testing enable us to see which have had the greatest demographic impact. Several studies show strong ties between Sicily, mainland southern Italy and Greece, suggesting that the Siculi, Elymi and Greek colonizations were the most important.
It has been proposed that a genetic boundary divides Sicily into two regions, reflecting the distribution of Siculi and Greek settlements in the east, and Sicani/Elymi, Phoenician/Arab and Norman settlements in the west.[10][11][12] However, other research has failed to detect any such division.[13][7] No data exists on the contribution of Normans, but a number of studies hint that North African and Middle Eastern gene flow was limited by the physical barrier of the Mediterranean Sea and resulting cultural differentiation.[6][14][15][16][17][18]
Sicily's population is approximately 5 million, and there are an additional 10 million people of Sicilian descent around the world, mostly in the United States, Argentina, Canada, Australia and the EU countries. The island today, like all of western Europe, is home to growing communities of immigrants, including Tunisians, Moroccans, Nigerians, Indians, Romanians, Russians, Chinese and Gypsies from the Balkans.
Language
Main article: Sicilian language,. Many Sicilians are bilingual in both Italian and Sicilian, a separate Romance language, with Greek, Arabic, Catalan and Spanish influence. It is important to note that Sicilian is not a derivative of Italian. Although thought by some to be a dialect, Sicilianu is a distinct language, with a rich history and a sizeable vocabulary (at least 250,000 words), due to the influence of the different conquerors of, and settlers to, this land.
The Sicilian language was an early influence in the development of the first Italian standard, although its use remained confined to an intellectual élite. This was a literary language in Sicily created under the auspices of Frederick II and his court of notaries, or Magna Curia, which, headed by Giacomo da Lentini also gave birth to the Scuola Siciliana, widely inspired by troubadour literature. Its linguistic and poetic heritage was later assimilated into the Florentine by Dante Alighieri, the father of modern Italian who, in his De Vulgari Eloquentia (DVE claims that "In effect this vernacular seems to deserve a higher praise than the others, since all the poetry written by Italians can be called Sicilian" (DVE, I, xii). It is in this language that appeared the first sonnet, whose invention is attributed to Giacomo da Lentini himself.
Sicilian dialects are also spoken in the southern and central sections of the Italian regions Calabria (Calabrese) and Puglia (Salentino); and had a significant influence on the Maltese Language. Malta was a part of the Kingdom of Sicily (in its various forms) until the late 18th century. With the predominance of Italian in Italian schools, the media, etc., Sicilian is no longer the first language of many Sicilians. Indeed, in urban centers in particular, one is more likely to hear standard Italian spoken rather than Sicilian, especially among the young.
Sicilian generally uses the word ending [u] for singular masculine nouns and adjectives, and [a] for feminine. The plural is usually [i] for both masculine and feminine. By contrast, in Italian masculine nouns and adjectives that end in [o] in the singular pass to [i] in the plural, while the feminine counterparts pass from [a] to [e].
The "-LL-" sound (in words of Latin origin, for example) manifests itself in Sicilian as a voiced retroflex plosive with the tip of the tongue curled up and back, a sound which is not part of Standard Italian. In Sicilian, this sound is written simply as "-dd-" although the sound itself is not [d] but rather [ɖ]. For example, the Italian word bello is beddu in Sicilian.
In numerous villages, the Arbëreshë dialect of the Albanian language has been spoken since a wave of refugees settled there in the 15th century. While it is spoken within the household, Italian is the official language and modern Greek is chanted in the local Byzantine liturgy. There are also several areas where dialects of the Lombard language of the Gallo-Italic family are spoken. Much of this population is also tri-lingual, being able to also speak one of the Sicilian dialects as well.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily (Less)
Channel: youtube Rate it: Rate:
2, 03:36, 2008-09-30 05:49:26 Description: Numbers 13
1.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
2Send thou men, that they may search the land of Canaan, which I give unto the children of Israel: of every tribe of their fathers shall ye send (More) Numbers 13
1.And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
2Send thou men, that they may search the land of Canaan, which I give unto the children of Israel: of every tribe of their fathers shall ye send a man, every one a ruler among them.
3And Moses by the commandment of the LORD sent them from the wilderness of Paran: all those men [were] heads of the children of Israel.
4And these [were] their names: of the tribe of Reuben, Shammua the son of Zaccur.
5Of the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat the son of Hori.
6Of the tribe of Judah, Caleb the son of Jephunneh.
7Of the tribe of Issachar, Igal the son of Joseph.
8Of the tribe of Ephraim, Oshea the son of Nun.
9Of the tribe of Benjamin, Palti the son of Raphu.
10Of the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel the son of Sodi.
11Of the tribe of Joseph, [namely], of the tribe of Manasseh, Gaddi the son of Susi.
12Of the tribe of Dan, Ammiel the son of Gemalli.
13Of the tribe of Asher, Sethur the son of Michael.
14Of the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi the son of Vophsi.
15Of the tribe of Gad, Geuel the son of Machi.
16These [are] the names of the men which Moses sent to spy out the land. And Moses called Oshea the son of Nun Jehoshua.
17And Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, and said unto them, Get you up this [way] southward, and go up into the mountain:
18And see the land, what it [is]; and the people that dwelleth therein, whether they [be] strong or weak, few or many;
19And what the land [is] that they dwell in, whether it [be] good or bad; and what cities [they be] that they dwell in, whether in tents, or in strong holds;
20And what the land [is], whether it [be] fat or lean, whether there be wood therein, or not. And be ye of good courage, and bring of the fruit of the land. Now the time [was] the time of the firstripe grapes.
21.So they went up, and searched the land from the wilderness of Zin unto Rehob, as men come to Hamath.
22And they ascended by the south, and came unto Hebron; where Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the children of Anak, [were]. (Now Hebron was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.)
23And they came unto the brook of Eshcol, and cut down from thence a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they bare it between two upon a staff; and [they brought] of the pomegranates, and of the figs.
24The place was called the brook Eshcol, because of the cluster of grapes which the children of Israel cut down from thence.
25And they returned from searching of the land after forty days.
26.And they went and came to Moses, and to Aaron, and to all the congregation of the children of Israel, unto the wilderness of Paran, to Kadesh; and brought back word unto them, and unto all the congregation, and shewed them the fruit of the land.
27And they told him, and said, We came unto the land whither thou sentest us, and surely it floweth with milk and honey; and this [is] the fruit of it.
28Nevertheless the people [be] strong that dwell in the land, and the cities [are] walled, [and] very great: and moreover we saw the children of Anak there.
29The Amalekites dwell in the land of the south: and the Hittites, and the Jebusites, and the Amorites, dwell in the mountains: and the Canaanites dwell by the sea, and by the coast of Jordan.
30And Caleb stilled the people before Moses, and said, Let us go up at once, and possess it; for we are well able to overcome it.
31But the men that went up with him said, We be not able to go up against the people; for they [are] stronger than we.
32And they brought up an evil report of the land which they had searched unto the children of Israel, saying, The land, through which we have gone to search it, [is] a land that eateth up the inhabitants thereof; and all the people that we saw in it [are] men of a great stature.
33And there we saw the giants, the sons of Anak, [which come] of the giants: and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight. (Less)
Channel: youtube Rate it: Rate:
32, 09:33, 2007-08-19 18:37:06 Description: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbr_FYu2ee4&mode=related&search=
Websites on Ghana:
http://endingstereotypesforamerica.org/ghana.html
(More) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbr_FYu2ee4&mode=related&search=
Websites on Ghana:
http://endingstereotypesforamerica.org/ghana.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter1.shtml
Ibn Battuta
http://www.colorq.org/Articles/article.aspx?d=2002&x=arabviews
West African empries
http://youtube.com/watch?v=ULiQLBo3rCY pt 1
http://youtube.com/watch?v=glOXTOwqjsk pt1.5
http://youtube.com/watch?v=oK07In8iRaA pt 2
100 things you didn't know about Africa
http://www.whenweruled.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=38
24. By 250 BC, the foundations of West Africa's oldest cities were established such as Old Djenné in Mali.
25. Kumbi Saleh, the capital of Ancient Ghana, flourished from 300 to 1240 AD. Located in modern day Mauritania, archaeological excavations have revealed houses, almost habitable today, for want of renovation and several storeys high. They had underground rooms, staircases and connecting halls. Some had nine rooms. One part of the city alone is estimated to have housed 30,000 people.
26. West Africa had walled towns and cities in the pre-colonial period. Winwood Reade, an English historian visited West Africa in the nineteenth century and commented that: "There are . . . thousands of large walled cities resembling those of Europe in the Middle Ages, or of ancient Greece."
28. Cheques are not quite as new an invention as we were led to believe. In the tenth century, an Arab geographer, Ibn Haukal, visited a fringe region of Ancient Ghana. Writing in 951 AD, he told of a cheque for 42,000 golden dinars written to a merchant in the city of Audoghast by his partner in Sidjilmessa.
29. Ibn Haukal, writing in 951 AD, informs us that the King of Ghana was "the richest king on the face of the earth" whose pre-eminence was due to the quantity of gold nuggets that had been amassed by the himself and by his predecessors.
31. West Africa had bling culture in 1067 AD. One source mentions that when the Emperor of Ghana gives audience to his people: "he sits in a pavilion around which stand his horses caparisoned in cloth of gold: behind him stand ten pages holding shields and gold-mounted swords: and on his right hand are the sons of the princes of his empire, splendidly clad and with gold plaited into their hair . . . The gate of the chamber is guarded by dogs of an excellent breed . . . they wear collars of gold and silver."
32. Glass windows existed at that time. The residence of the Ghanaian Emperor in 1116 AD was: "A well-built castle, thoroughly fortified, decorated inside with sculptures and pictures, and having glass windows." (Less)
Channel: youtubeTags: African black civilization glory gold history islam kingdom kingdoms mansa musa muslum negro philosophy wealth writings
Rate it: Rate:
4, 06:52, 2007-12-16 09:31:29 Description: Dubrovnik is one of the most attractive and most popular cities on the Mediterranean. Perhaps the most striking feature of Dubrovnik is its walls that run 2km around the city. The walls run from four (More) Dubrovnik is one of the most attractive and most popular cities on the Mediterranean. Perhaps the most striking feature of Dubrovnik is its walls that run 2km around the city. The walls run from four to six metres thick on the landward side but are much thinner on the seaward side. The system of turrets and towers were intended to protect the vulnerable city but now make one of the most picturesque sights in the Adriatic. (Less)
Channel: youtube Rate it: Rate:
0, 10:19, 2009-04-09 10:59:06 Description: Welcome to Dalmatia Multimedia Postcard! Dalmatia has a long history dating back to the 4th century BC. Expect to be intrigued often when you stumble upon ruins, relics and antiquities. Walled cities, (More) Welcome to Dalmatia Multimedia Postcard! Dalmatia has a long history dating back to the 4th century BC. Expect to be intrigued often when you stumble upon ruins, relics and antiquities. Walled cities, towers, old churches, and ancient streets are signposts of an almost endless history. Stretching along the Adriatic coast, with its many coves, inlets and bays, Dalmatia is renowned as a nautical lovers paradise. A visit to Dalmatia is sure to have you fall in love with the sea. And, if you ... (Less)
Channel: youtube Rate it: Rate:
0, 00:24, 2008-12-19 19:09:47 Description: Explore the world of Conway's Game of Life!
First devised by the mathematician John Conway in 1970, this deceptively simple 2D grid generates fascinating patterns. Drag your finger across the (More) Explore the world of Conway's Game of Life!
First devised by the mathematician John Conway in 1970, this deceptively simple 2D grid generates fascinating patterns. Drag your finger across the screen to bring Life to life! Watch the patterns evolve, and guide them with your touch. Adjust the speed of the animation. Select from among 38 different Life-like universes, including Coral, Diamoeba, Gnarl, Seeds, and Walled Cities. (Less)
Channel: youtube Rate it: Rate:
9, 05:14, 2007-10-19 23:46:30 Description: Ethiopia has an extensive and very active Muslim population , who have played an important role in Ethiopian life, particularly in the field of commerce, for over a millennium.
Ethiopias earliest (More) Ethiopia has an extensive and very active Muslim population , who have played an important role in Ethiopian life, particularly in the field of commerce, for over a millennium.
Ethiopias earliest and most holy Muslim center, according to tradition, is at Nagash, north of Wukro in Tigray, where there is a fine mosque of considerable antiquity.
perhaps the most important Islamic center since medieval times, however, has been the famous walled city of Harar. One of the principal holy cities of Islam, it has long been renowned for its religious learning, as well as for its mosques, many Muslim shrines, and tombs of several holy Muslim leaders of the past.
The first muezzin calling the faithful to prayer in the prophets time was an Ethiopian named Bilal, as his compatriots recall with pride to this day.
Menzuma (Zikr) in this video performed by Mohammed Awol, a well known menzuma performer in Ethiopia.
Menzuma is an Ethiopian Islamic Sufi devotional chant that contains remembrances of Allah (God), and praises of the Prophet Mohammed (PBUH), (Less)
Channel: youtube Rate it: Rate:
Recent searches
alexis texas 2s ago amy fisher 7s ago anal sandy sweet 6s ago cadinot gay 4s ago cock massage 3s ago college wild parties 4s ago creature feature 7s ago credence clearwater revival... 4s ago danzai hana guilty sky riyu... 8s ago desi wife fucking 8s ago download do filme o 8s ago french beurette 2s ago gorgeous japanese 8s ago hentai girl blowjob 3s ago jack keane 8s ago mallu reshma 3s ago milf drugged 3s ago mom boys 1s ago nina hartley 2s ago nude my daughter pic 4s ago old man 0s ago peggy trentini 7s ago playboy busty babes 4s ago q 1 act 3 7s ago virginie caprice 3s ago
Recently watched videos
What is viral today ?
Quicklist (0)
No videos on quicklist
This list is temporary even if You are logged in. You can save it to permanent list.
My video lists
You must be logged to see all your lists. Please log in here.
Bookmark us
Please, link us: